15 Questions
What is the most complicated element in the musculoskeletal system in terms of response to external forces?
Muscles
Which element in the musculoskeletal system is deformable and responds differently to external forces?
Bones
In a normal joint, which of the following is the usual situation regarding degrees of freedom?
No displacement and 1 to 2 rotations
Which joint example is used to analyze joints with only a single rotation axis and no displacements?
Elbow
What is the main difference between different classes of joints in the musculoskeletal system?
Degree of movement/freedom
In an elbow, what can be modified in terms of angle?
Angle alpha
Which element in the musculoskeletal system is typically affected in a simplified joint like the elbow, focusing only on flexion and extension?
Bones
What determines the minimum set of forces required to reach equilibrium in a joint?
The load on the system, the muscular force, and the reaction force at the joint
In which lever class do the load (FL) and the muscular force (Fm) act close to each other?
3rd class lever
What happens when the distance to the joint is different in two situations with similar loads and orientations?
The muscular force required changes
In which situation will the biceps need to apply a stronger force: flexed or extended?
Extended, close to 180º
What can happen if the reaction force Fa is large in response to a large X component?
Stress and tear of ligaments
What determines how high the reaction force Fa will have to be?
The load, the distance to the joint, and orientation
What model can be applied in some joints of the body for reaching equilibrium?
Lever model
What does F1 ·d1 = F2 · d2 represent in a lever?
Equilibrium condition for a 1st class lever
Test your knowledge about the forces that affect the musculoskeletal system, with a focus on bones. Learn about how bones respond to external forces and the different classes of joints.
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