Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Overview
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Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for foodborne and waterborne diseases?

  • Vector-borne transmission
  • Airborne transmission
  • Respiratory droplets
  • Fecal-oral route (correct)

    • What is the primary portal of entry for foodborne and waterborne pathogens?

  • Respiratory system
  • Skin
  • Mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract (correct)
  • Bloodstream

    • What is the typical incubation period for bacterial intoxication caused by foodborne and waterborne diseases?

  • Varies greatly
  • Short (minutes to hours) (correct)
  • Immediate
  • Long (hours to days)

    • Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of foodborne and waterborne diseases?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best preventive measure against foodborne and waterborne diseases?

    <p>Washing hands and consuming well-cooked food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Brucellosis transmitted to humans?

    <p>Via contaminated water and food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with Hepatitis A infection?

    <p>Loss of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a preventive measure for Hepatitis A?

    <p>Thorough handwashing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of viral gastroenteritis, which virus is common in children?

    <p>Rotavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Poliovirus, the causative agent of Poliomyelitis?

    <p>Capable of causing paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the most virulent species of Shigella?

    <p>Shigella dysenteriae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reservoir for Shigella?

    <p>Humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Shigellosis typically transmitted?

    <p>Through fecal-contaminated water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical incubation period for Shigellosis?

    <p>12 hours to 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main virulence factor for pathogenic E. coli causing gastroenteritis?

    <p>Enterotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reservoir for Cattle Hemorrhagic Colitis?

    <p>Ground beef</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission for Shigella?

    <p>Direct contact with an infected person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reservoir for Cholera?

    <p>Contaminated water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae?

    <p>Halophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of Cholera infection?

    <p>&quot;Rice water&quot; stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea?

    <p>C.diff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Clostridium difficile primarily transmitted?

    <p>Through contaminated medical equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea?

    <p>Antiprotozoal drug (Metronidazole) &amp; antibiotic (Vancomycin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea?

    <p>Mild diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Salmonellosis mainly acquired?

    <p>From ingesting contaminated food or water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method of prevention for typhoid fever?

    <p>Regular handwashing and good personal hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial genus is responsible for causing Bloody Dysentery?

    <p>Shigella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common symptom of Shigellosis caused by Shiga toxin?

    <p>Bloody diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a species of Shigella bacteria?

    <p>S. boydi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can chronic carriers of Salmonella be treated?

    <p>Antibiotics and oral rehydration therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common reservoir for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical incubation period for Salmonella Gastroenteritis (Salmonellosis)?

    <p>12-36 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of Typhoid Fever, but not typically seen in Salmonellosis?

    <p>Rose spots on the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission for Typhoid Fever?

    <p>Fecal-contaminated water sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Salmonellosis?

    <p>Oral rehydration and antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a virulence factor of Salmonella bacteria?

    <p>Ability to invade the intestinal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reservoir for Typhoid Fever?

    <p>Humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of Typhoid Fever?

    <p>Prolonged high fever (104°F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended diagnostic method for identifying the specific serovar or strain of Salmonella in a food sample?

    <p>Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of Typhoid Fever in severe cases?

    <p>Intestinal wall ulceration and perforation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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