Questions and Answers
What happens to all foods after harvest?
What is the duration of the usability of the commodity called?
Post harvest life
Energy used to produce and market food that is eventually lost could be _____
conserved
Which aspect is involved in the food value chain?
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Storage at domestic conditions does not affect food shelf life.
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What does food security ensure?
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Food security consists of availability, access, _____, and utilization.
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Mycotoxins are beneficial substances that improve food quality.
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What is the primary effect of inadequate food access?
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Which of the following is a common mycotoxin found in food?
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Match the following components of the food supply chain:
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What role does government regulation play in food supply chains?
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The longer the food supply chain, the less chance for food waste.
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The process of tracking food products from origin to consumer is called _____ in the supply chain.
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What influences dietary choices and patterns according to the document?
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What are some practices mentioned for ensuring food safety and minimizing waste?
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What is Total Quality Management (TQM)?
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TQM emphasizes individual departments acting to maximize their performances.
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Good pharmacovigilance practices (GVPs) are guidelines for pharmaceutical companies to follow to help prevent harm to humans caused by adverse ___________.
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What does GHP stand for in the food industry?
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What is the main objective of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)?
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Which of the following are part of the HACCP principles? (Select all that apply)
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What is the role of government regulations in food supply chains?
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What does organic certification demonstrate?
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Food safety refers to routines in the preparation, handling and storage of food meant to prevent ____________ illness and injury.
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What is a common challenge in food supply chains related to traceability?
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One-third of global food is lost or wasted.
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Study Notes
Food Security
- Achieved when all individuals have consistent physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.
- Four essential dimensions:
- Availability - supply levels of food production and trade.
- Access - economic factors affecting food availability at household level.
- Utilization - effective intake of nutrients through diet and practices.
- Stability - consistent access over time despite potential disruptions.
Food Safety Threats in Sri Lanka
- Contaminants include pesticide residues, heavy metals, and hazardous ripening chemicals.
- Calcium carbide, a carcinogenic agent, widely used to ripen fruits like bananas and mangoes.
- Mycotoxins, produced by fungi, pose risks in tropical climates, notably aflatoxins from Aspergillus species, linked to serious health issues.
Food Supply Chain Dynamics
- Consists of five stages: Supplier, Manufacturer, Distributor, Retailer, Customer.
- Supply chain aims to align supply and demand effectively and profitably.
- Movement of food involves multiple intermediaries, increasing potential waste and complexity.
Food Waste Concerns
- Waste occurs at every stage of the supply chain, exacerbated by longer and fragmented chains.
- Consumers often bear the costs of postharvest losses, diminishing overall profitability for producers.
Traceability and Transparency
- Essential for tracking food products from origin to consumption, ensuring accountability.
- Major challenges include the lack of transparency and complexity within supply chains.
Ensuring Food Safety and Minimizing Waste
- Identify entry points for hazardous substances throughout the supply chain.
- Implement systems such as HACCP, ISO standards, and good agricultural practices (GAP).
- Consider national food regulations and facilitate risk-based assessments.
Quality Control and Management
- Quality Control (QC) - a reactive approach focused on product standards.
- Quality Assurance (QA) - proactive policies ensuring quality throughout production processes.
- Total Quality Management (TQM) - emphasizes continuous improvement and customer satisfaction.
Food Value Chains
- Strategic alliances between farmers and supply-chain partners can enhance product quality and equitable profit distribution.
- High-quality differentiations in food products foster better market positioning.
Logistic Management in Supply Chains
- Proper management is crucial to prevent losses and ensure quality raw material supply.
- An integrated approach is necessary for effective logistics, encompassing people, organizations, and resources.
Regulatory and Organizational Frameworks
- Guidelines like Codex, ISO standards, and WTO agreements (SPS and TBT) are critical for maintaining safety and food quality.
- Engage in risk assessments and organic certifications to improve food safety standards.### Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Food Safety
- GAP aims to enhance the quality, safety, and sustainability of food while considering environmental, economic, and social aspects.
- WHO defines pharmacovigilance as the science surrounding the detection and prevention of adverse drug effects.
Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
- GMP ensures consistent product quality through controlled production processes.
- It encompasses all production stages, including starting materials, equipment, and staff training.
- GMP minimizes risks in pharmaceutical production that testing alone cannot eliminate.
Good Hygiene Practices (GHP)
- GHP is essential for hygiene management in the food supply chain, ensuring cleanliness and preventing contamination.
- Detailed written procedures are necessary for all processes affecting product quality.
- GHP serves as a prerequisite for standards like GAP, HACCP, and ISO 22000.
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)
- HACCP is a systematic management system focusing on the analysis and control of food safety hazards.
- Key principles include conducting hazard analyses, establishing critical control points (CCPs), and maintaining documentation.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- ISO develops and promotes international standards through collaboration among member countries.
- ISO 22000 offers a standardized approach to food safety management across the food chain.
Food Safety Assurance
- Food safety practices prevent adverse health effects for consumers through proper preparation and handling.
- Effective food safety measures are crucial in reducing food-borne illnesses throughout the supply chain.
Organic Food Certification
- Certification demonstrates compliance with ecological and economic standards in organic agriculture.
- Sri Lanka excels in organic exports and adheres to high international standards for organic products.
Risk-Based Food Safety Assessments
- Risk assessments involve identifying hazards, evaluating exposure, and determining whether legal measures are needed.
- OIE and IPPC play vital roles in upholding international food safety agreements.
Challenges in Food Supply Chains
- Traceability in supply chains remains a common challenge, complicating the monitoring of food safety.
- Intentional adulteration of food for profit is a serious concern that necessitates stringent regulations.
Modern Agriculture Evolution
- Progression from hunter-gatherer societies to industrialization highlights the evolution of the agrifood sector.
- Sustainability challenges include food availability, poverty alleviation, and environmental impacts.
Food Loss and Waste
- Approximately one-third of global food is lost or wasted, leading to considerable environmental and social costs.
- Food supply chains must effectively manage production, processing, distribution, and disposal to minimize waste.
Postharvest Handling
- Postharvest processes are critical for maintaining fruit and vegetable quality, impacted by respiration, transpiration, and metabolic reactions.
- Proper handling can significantly reduce losses and enhance food availability.
Temperature and Ripening Effects
- Chilling can adversely affect tomatoes and other sensitive fruits, influencing ripening and quality.
- Effective management of temperature during storage can prolong the shelf life of commodities.
General Characteristics of Fruits and Vegetables
- Fruits and vegetables are energy-requiring, constantly changing, high in water content, and vulnerable to pathogens.
- Postharvest life indicates the duration for which a commodity remains usable and fit for consumption.
Conclusion
- Proper postharvest handling and safety practices are essential for maximizing food quality and minimizing waste in the supply chain.
- Continuous improvement in safety and quality standards is vital for consumer health and sustainable agricultural practices.
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Description
Explore what happens to food after harvest, the duration of its usability, and the factors affecting its shelf life. This quiz addresses essential concepts within the food value chain, including energy loss and domestic storage conditions.
