38 Questions
Match the following materials with their advantages:
PET = Improves appearance OPP = Has high barrier properties Aluminum Foil = Produces a very good barrier to oils, gases, moisture, odors and light CPP = Has mechanical strength
Match the following packaging types with their characteristics:
Laminated Films = Has improved barrier properties or mechanical strength Coextruded Films = Has three main advantages over laminates Plastic Containers = Reusable and can be made in different shapes and sizes Sleeves = Tough, stretchable and permeable to air, smoke and moisture
Match the following materials with their uses:
Polyethylene = Used for packaging meats before smoking and cooking Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) = Used for lamination of films Cast Polypropylene (CPP) = Used for coextruded films Paper = Used for lamination of films
Match the following characteristics with the type of plastic container:
Reusable and can be used many times within several years = Collapsible Plastic Crates Easily cleaned, washed, and disinfected = Rigid Plastic Containers Can be made in different shapes, weights, and sizes = Flexible Plastic Containers Made by thermoforming and molding systems of plastic sheets = Perforated Plastic Containers
Match the following advantages with the type of film:
Has very high barrier properties = Coextruded Films Has improved appearance = Laminated Films Tough, stretchable and permeable to air, smoke and moisture = Sleeves Produced at a lower cost = Coextruded Films
Match the following materials with their thickness:
Laminated Films = Thinner than coextruded films Coextruded Films = Thicker than laminated films Aluminum Foil = Has a thin coating Polyethylene = Various thicknesses in flexible or rigid plastic
Match the following benefits with the type of container:
Easily transported flat when empty = Returnable Collapsible Folding Crates Can be stacked unfolded = Returnable Bins Reusable and can be used many times within several years = Reusable Plastic Containers Easily cleaned, washed, and disinfected = Flexible Plastic Containers
Match the following characteristics with the type of film:
Layers do not separate = Coextruded Films Has a very good barrier to oils, gases, moisture, odors and light = Aluminum Foil Improves appearance = Laminated Films Tough, stretchable and permeable to air, smoke and moisture = Sleeves
Match the type of can with its manufacturing process:
3-piece welded cans = 3PC 2-piece drawn and redrawn cans = DRD 2-piece drawn and ironed cans = D&I Aluminum cans = ECCS
Match the metal packaging material with its characteristics:
Aluminum = Alloys of less than 90% aluminum with other metals Tin-coated steel = Produced from tinplate or electrolytic chromium coated steel Electrolytic chromium coated steel = Consists of alloys of less than 90% aluminum Steel cans = Coated with an organic polymer
Match the type of can coating with its properties:
Epoxy-based coatings = Flexible and easily applied Oleoresins = Exhibits stability and has protection function Vinyl = Synthesized from bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin Epoxy-phenolic coatings = May change the organoleptic properties of food
Match the type of can coating with its components:
Epoxy-based coatings = Vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate Oleoresins = Oil and resin extracted from plants Vinyl = Bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin Epoxy-phenolic coatings = Blends of epoxy, phenolic, amino, acrylate, and anhydride
Match the type of can coating with its limitations:
Epoxy-based coatings = Do not adhere well to metal surfaces Oleoresins = Limited corrosion resistance and need long curing times Vinyl = Has limited corrosion resistance Epoxy-phenolic coatings = May change the organoleptic properties of food
Match the type of can coating with its manufacturing process:
Epoxy-based coatings = Synthesized from vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate Oleoresins = Synthesized from bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin Vinyl = Extracted from plants Epoxy-phenolic coatings = Formed from blends of epoxy, phenolic, amino, acrylate, and anhydride
Match the type of can material with its coating:
Aluminum cans = Epoxy-based coatings Tin-coated steel = Oleoresins Electrolytic chromium coated steel = Vinyl Steel cans = Epoxy-phenolic coatings
Match the type of can coating with its usage:
Epoxy-based coatings = For metal packaging Oleoresins = For aluminum and steel cans Vinyl = For food packaging Epoxy-phenolic coatings = For general-purpose packaging
Match the type of packaging with its primary function:
Active Packaging = Protection, containment, and communication Smart Packaging = Performing the normal passive functions Intelligent Packaging = Having other active roles aside from normal functions Modified Atmosphere Packaging = Modifying the atmosphere in the package
Match the type of indicators with their purpose:
External Indicators = Detecting internal changes in the package Internal Indicators = Monitoring external environmental factors Time-Temperature Integrators = Indicating the storage conditions Gas and Microbial Indicators = Showing the product's shelf-life
Match the component of packaging with its function:
Antimicrobial System = Scavenging gases Antioxidant System = Carrying data Sensors = Modifying the atmosphere Data Carriers = Detecting microbial growth
Match the purpose of packaging with its type:
Fresh produce preservation = Modified Atmosphere Packaging Product contamination prevention = Antimicrobial System Product shelf-life extension = Active Packaging Product quality monitoring = Smart Packaging
Match the type of packaging with its characteristic:
Active Packaging = Flexible/polymeric films Modified Atmosphere Packaging = Respiration of packaged food Intelligent Packaging = Selective permeability of packaging material Smart Packaging = Added substances like antimicrobial, antioxidants
Match the type of packaging with its primary application:
Active Packaging = Storing fresh fruits and vegetables Modified Atmosphere Packaging = Monitoring product quality Intelligent Packaging = Scavenging gases Smart Packaging = Preserving fresh produce
Match the type of packaging with its effect:
Active Packaging = Modifying the atmosphere in the package Modified Atmosphere Packaging = Consuming oxygen and producing CO2 Intelligent Packaging = Monitoring storage conditions Smart Packaging = Extending product shelf-life
Match the type of packaging with its component:
Active Packaging = Gas and Microbial Indicators Modified Atmosphere Packaging = RFID/Barcodes Intelligent Packaging = Sensors Smart Packaging = Antioxidant System
Match the following plastic resin codes with their corresponding applications:
PET = Food wraps and cooking oil bottles HDPE = Water and soda bottles PVC = Milk jugs and juice bottles LDPE = Yogurt and syrup containers
Match the following recycling symbols with their corresponding plastic types:
1 = HDPE 3 = LDPE 5 = PVC 6 = PS
Match the following plastic types with their common uses:
PP = Bread bags and frozen food PS = Yogurt and ketchup containers LDPE = Styofoam and egg cartons PVC = Water and soda bottles
Match the following characteristics with their corresponding plastic resin codes:
Opaque plastic = HDPE Soft plastic = PVC Contains BPA = PET Used for food wraps = LDPE
Match the following applications with their corresponding plastic resin codes:
Beer and salad dressing = PET Milk jugs and juice bottles = PVC Yogurt and syrup containers = PP Food wraps and bread bags = LDPE
Match the following plastic resin codes with their corresponding characteristics:
1 = Used for styofoam 2 = Used for water and soda bottles 4 = Used for frozen food and bread bags 7 = Contains BPA
Match the following advantages of Modified Atmosphere Packaging with their corresponding descriptions:
Longer Shelf-life = Preservation of product freshness Enhanced visual appeal = A higher level of quality assurance required Stays fresh longer = No chemical preservatives Long-lasting flavor = Sustained nutritional content
Match the following components of Smart Packaging with their corresponding functions:
Time-Temperature Integrators (TTI) = Monitoring temperature with upper or lower limits Gas indicators = Giving information about the quality of products before purchasing Thermochromic ink = Communicating with consumers about the history of products Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) = Tracking the status of the product throughout the chain
Match the following benefits of Modified Atmosphere Packaging with their corresponding explanations:
No chemical preservatives = Preservation of product freshness Long-lasting flavor = Sustained nutritional content Longer Shelf-life = Stays fresh longer Enhanced visual appeal = A higher level of quality assurance required
Match the following principles of Time-Temperature Integrators (TTI) with their corresponding descriptions:
Temperature-dependent enzymatic = Mechanical deformation translates into an indicator Chemical = Color development indicates the freshness parameter Microbiological = Decomposition translates into an indicator Physical = Mechanical deformation indicates the cumulative effect on freshness
Match the following limitations of Modified Atmosphere Packaging with their corresponding explanations:
More expensive = Complicated to pack Less consumer base = A higher level of quality assurance required Complicated to pack = Longer Shelf-life A higher level of quality assurance required = Stays fresh longer
Match the following features of Smart Packaging with their corresponding descriptions:
Time-temperature integrators or indicators (TTIs) = Monitoring the status of the product throughout the chain Gas indicators = Giving information about the quality of products before purchasing Thermochromic ink = Communicating with consumers about the history of products Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) = Tracking the status of the product throughout the chain
Match the following characteristics of Modified Atmosphere Packaging with their corresponding benefits:
Longer Shelf-life = Sustained nutritional content Stays fresh longer = No chemical preservatives No chemical preservatives = Longer Shelf-life Long-lasting flavor = Enhanced visual appeal
Match the following functions of Time-Temperature Integrators (TTI) with their corresponding descriptions:
Monitor temperature with upper or lower limits = Indicate the cumulative effect on freshness Integrate time and temperature = Monitor temperature with upper or lower limits Translate into an indicator = Indicate the cumulative effect on freshness Indicate the cumulative effect on freshness = Translate into an indicator
Study Notes
Materials for Cans
- Aluminum, Tin-Coated steel (tinplate), and Electrolytic chromium coated steel (ECCS) are used to make cans.
Forming of Can Bodies
- 3-piece welded cans (3PC), 2-piece drawn and redrawn (DRD) cans, and 2-piece drawn and ironed (D&I) cans are the three types of can bodies.
Composition of Metal Packaging
- Metal packaging consists of alloys of less than 90% aluminum with other metals like copper, zinc, and manganese.
- Steel cans are produced from tin-coated steel (tinplate) or electrolytic chromium coated steel.
- Metal packaging is coated with an organic polymer to prevent direct contact between food and tin.
Types of Can Coatings
- Epoxy-based coatings are introduced for aluminum and steel cans, exhibiting stability, protection function, and technical properties.
- Oleoresins are the first coatings made, which are mixtures of oil and resin extracted from plants, but they have limited corrosion resistance and need long curing times.
- Vinyl coatings are synthesized from vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, used for packaging meats before smoking and cooking.
Laminated Films
- Lamination of two or more films improves the appearance, barrier properties, or mechanical strength of a package.
- Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Oriented Polypropylene (OPP), Cast Polypropylene (CPP), Polyethylene (PE), Aluminum Foil, and Paper are the common materials used for lamination.
Coextruded Films
- Coextruded films have three main advantages: high barrier properties, lower cost, and thinner layers that do not separate.
- Coextruded films are produced by the simultaneous extrusion of two or more layers of different polymers.
Plastic Containers
- Reusable and can be used many times within several years.
- Can be made in different shapes, weights, and sizes with different thickness in flexible or rigid plastic.
- Easily cleaned, washed, and disinfected using appropriate machinery.
Innovations in Food Packaging System
- Smart/Active/Intelligent Packaging includes Scavenger System, External Indicators, Antimicrobial System, Internal Indicators, Antioxidant System, and Data Carriers.
- Sensors are used to monitor the condition of food.
Active Packaging
- Refers to packaging that has other active roles aside from performing normal passive functions.
- New functions vary according to the nature of added substances, such as antimicrobial, antioxidants, humidity, absorbents, and gases scavengers.
Modified Atmosphere Packaging
- The fresh produce are packed in a mixture of gases with varying composition, depending on the product, packaging material, expected shelf-life, and storage conditions.
- The packaging materials used are flexible/polymeric films with specific permeability for gases.
- The gases used for composing the initial atmosphere are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Modified Atmosphere Packaging
- Advantages: longer shelf-life, enhanced visual appeal, stays fresh longer, no chemical preservatives, long-lasting flavor preservation, and sustained nutritional content.
- Disadvantages: more expensive, less consumer base, complicated to pack, and a higher level of quality assurance required.
Smart Packaging
- Another packaging system that carries out several intelligent functions capable of monitoring the status of the product and its keeping conditions throughout the chain.
- Time-temperature integrators or indicators (TTIs), Gas indicators, Thermochromic ink, and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) are used.
Recycling Symbols and Plastic Resin Codes
- Different symbols and codes are used to identify the type of plastic used in packaging: PET (1), HDPE (2), PVC (3), LDPE (4), PP (5), PS (6), and Other (7).
This quiz covers the materials used for metal packaging, including aluminum, tin-coated steel, and electrolytic chromium coated steel, as well as the different methods of forming can bodies, such as 3-piece welded, 2-piece drawn and redrawn, and 2-piece drawn and ironed.
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