Food Packaging & Storage Technology

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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated total world market for metal containers?

410 × 1012 units/annum (correct)

310 × 1012 units/annum

210 × 1012 units/annum

510 × 1012 units/annum

What percentage of the total world market for metal containers are drink cans?

82%

70%

78% (correct)

80%

What is a requirement for container performance?

Preserves and protects the product (correct)

Environmental harm minimization

Attractive packaging

Inexpensive production

What is an advantage of shallow tapered wall seamless cans?

Minimizes transport costs Signup and view all the answers

What type of product is often packaged in non-round cross-section containers?

Fish Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of circular cans with lever lids and diaphragm seals?

Easy opening and simple product removal Signup and view all the answers

What type of container is often used for packaging beverages?

Circular cans with lever lids Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary feature of metal containers?

Recyclable raw materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of flanging in the can manufacturing process?

To accept the can ends Signup and view all the answers

What type of material is suitable for welding in can manufacturing?

Steel Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the oven in the can manufacturing process?

To dry the coatings and inks Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for reforming a two-piece can into one of smaller diameter and greater height?

Re-drawing Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of thinning the wall of a two-piece can?

Ironing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of passing an electric current across the two thicknesses of metal?

To heat up and soften the metal for welding Signup and view all the answers

What type of end is mechanically seamed onto the bottom of the can body?

Maker's end Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of slitting the sheets into small individual blanks?

To create individual can bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of applying an organic coating to the inside surfaces of the tinplate container?

To prevent chemical reactions between the product and the container Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products is NOT suitable for packaging in tinplate containers with a tin coating?

Citrus fruits Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the double seam in food and drink cans?

To withstand heat processing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Full Aperture Easy-Open Ends (FAEOs)?

Has a full aperture Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary material used in the manufacture of tinplate for can making?

Low-carbon steel Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of electrolytic coating of blackplate with a thin layer of tin?

To provide corrosion-resisting properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for Electrolytic Chromium/Chrome oxide coated Steel?

ECCS Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the heat sealing mechanism in peelable membrane ends?

Performed in a clean environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of ECCS over tinplate?

Being less expensive Signup and view all the answers

Which type of container is aluminum suitable for?

Seamless containers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of coating the internal surface of aluminum containers with organic lacquer?

To prevent corrosion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products is typically packaged in shallow drawn seamless cans made of aluminum?

Processed foods Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of three-piece cans?

They have a longitudinal seam Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of three-piece cans in terms of packaging?

They offer flexibility in terms of container size Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of ECCS?

Food packaging Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the metallic layer in ECCS?

To provide an excellent key for adhesion of laminated materials Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of World Market for Metal Cans

The total world market for metal containers is estimated at 410 × 1012 units per annum, divided into:
Drink cans: 320 × 1012 units
Processed food cans: 75 × 1012 units
Aerosol and general line cans: remainder

Container Performance Requirements

Preserve and protect the product
Resist chemical actions of the product
Withstand handling and processing conditions
Withstand external environment conditions
Have correct dimensions
Have required shelf display properties at the point of sale
Give easy opening and simple/safe product removal
Be constructed from recyclable raw materials

Container Design

Shallow Tapered Wall Seamless:
Types: round, non-round
Economic concept: allows empty containers to be nested for minimizing transport costs
Applications: fish
Non-Round Cross Section:
Structure: circular cans with lever lids and diaphragm seals
Applications: powder products (infant formulas, instant coffee, dried milk)

Closure Systems

Food cans:
Require an aperture with either total or virtually full internal diameter of the container through which to remove the product
Opening tools: can-opener to remove plain lid, full aperture easy-open ends (FAEOs)
Drink cans:
Aperture designed to suit method of consumption
Closure systems: heat sealing mechanism, peelable membrane end

Raw Materials for Can Making

Steel:
Used in the form of low-carbon steel, converted into tinplate for manufacture of container and closure
Tinplate manufactured by electrolytically coating blackplate with a thin layer of tin
Advantages: provides good corrosion-resisting properties to steel
Suitable for direct contact with specific foods (white fruits, tomato-based products)
Coating: an organic coating must be applied to the inside surfaces of the tinplate container
Function: preventing chemical reactions between product and container
ECCS (Electrolytic Chromium/Chrome oxide coated Steel):
Structure: electrolytically coating blackplate with a thin layer of chrome/chrome oxide
Coating with an organic material to provide a complete corrosion-resistant surface
Advantages: excellent key for adhesion of laminated materials added to the surface, less expensive than tinplate
Disadvantages: matt surface, no reflective surface like tinplate
Aluminum:
Characteristics: used in a relatively pure form with Mn and Mg added to improve strength properties
Not suitable for three-piece type containers, only used for seamless (two-piece type) containers
Internal surfaces of aluminum containers are always coated with an organic lacquer
Applications: carbonated beverages, collapsible tubes for food products (ketchup, cheese spread, chocolate)

Can Types

Three-piece cans:
Structure: consist of a cylindrical body rolled from a piece of flat metal with a longitudinal seam, together with two can ends which are seamed onto each end of the body
Flexibility: possibility to produce any practical combination of height and diameter, suitable for making cans of different dimensions
Container size flexibility facilitates the use of pack promotions, offering free extra product
Two-piece cans:
Structure: made from a disc of metal that is reformed into a cylinder with an integral end to become a seamless container
Flexibility: possibility to produce any practical combination of height and diameter, suitable for making cans of different dimensions
DRD cans: drawing, re-drawing, and ironing operations

Can Making

3-Piece Welded:
Raw material: steel only, as aluminum is not suitable for welding
Procedure: cutting coils of steel into sheets, coating and printing to protect and decorate the surfaces, slitting the sheets into small individual blanks, rolling the blank into a cylinder with two longitudinal edges overlapping, welding the edges, flanging the top and bottom of the can body, fitting the ends
2-Piece Drawn/Multiple (Re-Drawn) Cans:
Raw material characteristics: sheets or coils of tinplate or aluminum, pre-coated, laminated, printed
Body forming: I, II, III (multiple drawing and ironing operations)

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Description

Explore the world of food packaging and storage technology, covering metal packaging and its role in the food industry. Learn about the global market and its trends.