Food Sources and Crop Improvement in India

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Questions and Answers

The main sources of food are ______, ______, ______.

plants, animals, and other living organisms

The Indian population is less than one billion people.

False (B)

What are the main components of food that provide nutrients to living beings?

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals are the main components of food that provide nutrients to living beings.

Which of the following are examples of cereals?

<p>Wheat, rice, and corn (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of 'Green Revolution'?

<p>Improving crop yield (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of 'White Revolution'?

<p>Increasing the production of milk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of crop seasons?

<p>The two main categories of crop seasons are Kharif season and Rabi season.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is not an example of Kharif season crops?

<p>Wheat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main categories of activities involved in improving crop production?

<p>The three main categories of activities involved in improving crop production are improving crop varieties, managing crop production, and managing crop protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nutrient types with their specific characteristics:

<p>Macro nutrients = Needed in large quantities by plants Micro nutrients = Required in smaller amounts by plants Nitrogen = Essential for plant growth and development Phosphorus = Plays a crucial role in energy transfer and root development Potassium = Helps in regulating water balance and strengthening plant stems Iron = Essential for chlorophyll production and photosynthesis Zinc = Important for plant growth regulators and enzyme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main sources from where plants obtain nutrients?

<p>Plants obtain nutrients primarily from air, water, and soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Manure is an organic substance that provides essential nutrients to the soil.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a way to make compost?

<p>Using a mixture of plant and animal materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Green manure is a type of fertilizer that is produced by chemical processes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of crop rotation?

<p>Crop rotation is a practice of growing a sequence of different types of crops in a specific field over a period of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Crop protection management aims to protect crops from pests and diseases.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of factors that can affect crop storage?

<p>Biotic factors, such as insects, rodents, fungi, and bacteria, and abiotic factors, such as temperature, humidity, and oxygen levels, can affect crop storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a benefit of organic farming?

<p>Increases reliance on synthetic fertilizers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drying is a crucial step in ensuring the long-term storage of crops.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some key precautions that need to be taken when storing crops?

<p>Key precautions when storing crops include keeping the environment clean, maintaining proper ventilation, controlling temperature and humidity, and using appropriate storage containers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a main purpose of cattle farming?

<p>Producing coffee (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drought animals are cattle that are primarily raised for milk production.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of fish production?

<p>The two main types of fish production are finned fish production and unfinned fish production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Aqua culture' refer to?

<p>Raising fish in controlled environments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Marine fishing focuses solely on catching fish in freshwater bodies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of composite fish culture?

<p>Composite fish culture is a technique used in aquaculture where different fish species are raised together in the same pond or tank, allowing for a more effective utilization of available resources and maximizing production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of beekeeping?

<p>Harvesting honey and beeswax (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apiaries are facilities where bees are raised for their honey and beeswax.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the European honey bee species?

<p>The European honey bee species is called Apis mellifera.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pasturage is the term used for areas where crops are sown for commercial purposes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The quality of honey is primarily influenced by the type of flowers that bees visit.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Crop Improvement

Methods to enhance crop yield, quality, and resistance to diseases and environmental stresses.

Higher Yield

Increasing the amount of crops produced per unit of land.

Improved Quality

Enhancing the characteristics of crops like protein content and taste.

Biotic Resistance

Developing crops that are resistant to pests, diseases, and nematodes.

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Abiotic Resistance

Developing crops that are resistant to environmental factors like drought and heat.

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Nutrient Management

Optimizing the supply of essential nutrients (like nitrogen and phosphorus) to the soil to enhance plant growth.

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Macronutrients

Essential nutrients needed in large amounts by plants for growth (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, etc.).

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Micronutrients

Essential nutrients needed in smaller amounts by plants, crucial for overall health.

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Manure

Organic material (like animal waste or compost), used to enrich soil and provide nutrients.

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Fertilizer

Manufactured products containing high concentrations of necessary nutrients that are easily absorbed by plants.

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Mixed Cropping

Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land.

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Intercropping

Planting two or more crops in alternate rows on the same field.

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Crop Rotation

Planting different crops in a sequential manner in the same field to maintain soil health.

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Organic Farming

A sustainable farming approach minimizing synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

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Study Notes

Food Sources

  • Humans need food for growth and health
  • Food provides nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals
  • Plants and animals are the main sources of food

Growing Food Supply

  • India's population is large and growing rapidly
  • Increasing food production is crucial for this growing population
  • Agriculture needs improvement regarding crop varieties and management
  • Crop protection management is crucial
  • Expanding arable land is important

Crop Improvements

  • Crop varieties need improvement
  • Crop management practices need advancement
  • Crop protection management is essential for higher yields

Types of Crops

  • Cereals (wheat, rice, corn, millet) provide carbohydrates
  • Seeds (apples, cherries, etc.) as well as those like grains, pulses, and peanuts provide fats
  • Legumes and pulses (chickpeas, peas, lentils) provide proteins
  • Vegetables, spices, and fruits provide vitamins and minerals

Crop Seasons

  • Different crops have different growing needs (temperature, moisture, sunlight hours)
  • Kharif crops are grown during the monsoon season (June-October)
  • Rabi crops are grown in the winter season (November-April)

Crop Production Improvement

  • Crop variety improvement:

    • Higher yields
    • Improved quality
    • Resistance to biotic (diseases, pests) and abiotic (drought, salinity) stresses
    • Wide adaptability
    • Desired agronomic traits (e.g., tall, dense branches for fodder crops)

  • Crop production management:

    • Nutrient management
    • Irrigation
    • Cropping patterns

Nutrient Management

  • Plants need nutrients (like nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium) from the air, water, and soil
  • Macronutrients are needed in large quantities (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur)
  • Micronutrients are needed in small quantities (iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, chlorine)
  • Manure is an organic source of nutrients for soil improvement
  • Compost and vermicompost are types of manure
  • Fertilizers are chemical sources of nutrients

Crop Protection Management

  • Protecting crops from pests (insects, diseases, weeds) is essential
  • Pest control methods can be used during crop growth and during storage
  • Weeds are undesirable plants that grow along with crops.
  • Insects damage plants in various ways.
  • Plant pathogens are living organisms like bacteria, fungi, and viruses that cause diseases.

Crop Storage

  • Proper storage of grains is necessary for year-round food availability
  • Proper storage techniques need to be followed

Other Agricultural Practices

  • Organic farming avoids chemical fertilizers and pesticides, offering environmentally friendly farming practices
  • Animal husbandry methods involve proper care of domestic animals for milk, meat, and other purposes
  • Aquaculture (fish farming) involves raising fish in controlled environments

Irrigation Methods

  • Wells, tube wells, canals, and tanks are used for irrigation
  • Rainwater harvesting is a water conservation technique
  • Different methods of irrigation are used such as mixed cropping, intercropping, and crop rotation

Fish Farming

  • Raising fish in water bodies is called fish farming
  • In fish farming various methods are used like composite fish culture (raising five different species of fish)
  • Marine fish farming is similar.
  • Water bodies need to be maintained for sustainable fish farming

Beekeeping

  • Beekeeping is the process of raising honeybees

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