Food Science L7

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the nutritive value of foods?

Taste

A well-balanced ratio of nutrients (correct)

Cost-effectiveness

Cultural acceptance

Which of the following best describes how culture influences food choices?

It dictates that all foods are universally accepted.

It eliminates the impact of geography on food selection.

It encourages the consumption of all types of foods regardless of preference.

It defines preferred foods based on regional enjoyment. (correct)

What dietary restrictions do strict Hindus observe?

No dairy products

No vegetables

No poultry, eggs, or animal flesh (correct)

No grains

Which psychological factor is mentioned as influencing food habits?

Advertising and peer pressure Signup and view all the answers

How do religious beliefs generally impact diets?

By declaring certain foods acceptable or unacceptable. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that influences the ability to taste?

The temperature of a food or beverage Signup and view all the answers

How does age affect a person's taste perception?

Older individuals tend to use more salt and sugar Signup and view all the answers

What role does geographic location play in food choices according to the content?

It influences consumption of locally grown foods. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the impression of flavor does aroma provide?

75% Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is mentioned as being influenced most by their food habits and preferences?

Children Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily meant by 'Budgetary Criteria' in food choices?

Financial constraints impacting food selection. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence taste?

Water content in foods Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing food choices as discussed?

Time of day Signup and view all the answers

What type of tastes tend to linger longer on the palate?

Bitter Signup and view all the answers

What qualities can textures in food be described as?

Coarse and smooth Signup and view all the answers

What impact do antioxidants and functional foods have on consumers?

They impact food preferences and selections. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about flavor is true?

Flavor diminishes over time Signup and view all the answers

What roles do sounds associated with foods play in our experience?

Give clues to a food’s freshness and doneness Signup and view all the answers

What compound contributes to the bitter taste in foods such as coffee?

Caffeine Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the most significant factor influencing food selection?

Sensory criteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT affect the ability to distinguish tastes?

The way food is served Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following senses is NOT involved in the evaluation of food according to sensory criteria?

Emotion Signup and view all the answers

How does sight influence food selection?

By providing the first impression of the food's appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the sense of smell in food evaluation?

People can detect between 2,000 to 4,000 different odors Signup and view all the answers

What role does color play in food selection?

It can indicate ripeness and quality Signup and view all the answers

Where are taste buds primarily located?

On the underside of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which taste sensation is primarily perceived at the tip of the tongue?

Sweet Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of odors makes them more intense when baking compared to cold items?

The temperature of the food Signup and view all the answers

Which type of criteria consistently influences food selection?

Sensory factors Signup and view all the answers

How might the perception of milk's fat content be influenced?

By its color Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of food preparation?

To convert raw ingredients into consumable food while maintaining quality Signup and view all the answers

Which type of food processing involves converting foods into a more convenient form for storage?

Primary processing Signup and view all the answers

What factor is NOT typically considered when selecting food?

The time of day Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes food processing?

It encompasses methods that preserve and change the quality of food. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of tertiary food processing?

It is focused on large-scale commercial production of processed food. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sensory factor influencing food selection?

Taste Signup and view all the answers

How can inadequate storage impact food loss?

It can lead to a loss of up to 50-60% of fresh food. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of secondary food processing?

Primarily preserves food without altering its form Signup and view all the answers

What type of processing includes ready-to-eat meals?

Tertiary processing Signup and view all the answers

Which factor in food selection can be influenced by cultural practices?

Taste preferences Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Food Selection

Food selection is influenced by several criteria
Sensory factors include sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing
Nutritional value is a key factor
Cultural preferences play a role
Religious beliefs dictate food choices for many
Psychological and sociological factors influence food choices
Budgetary constraints affect food choices

Food Preparation

Food preparation is a broad process involving steps between obtaining ingredients and consuming food
Steps include selection, purchasing, washing, peeling, cutting, combining, and cooking
Proper tools and skills are crucial for efficient and quality food preparation

Food Processing

Food processing is broader than just preparation and cooking
It involves applying science and technology to preserve food by slowing or stopping decay
It allows for controlled changes in food quality
Without processing, a significant amount of food can be lost between harvesting and consumption

Types of Food Processing

Primary processing converts harvested food into a convenient storage form (e.g., drying crops, milling cereals)
Secondary processing transforms fresh food or primary-processed products into a variety of foods (e.g., baking bread, fermenting fish)
Tertiary processing involves commercially producing processed foods like ready-to-eat meals and airline meals

Sensory Criteria

People evaluate food primarily based on its appearance (sight), aromas (smell), taste, texture (touch), and sounds (hearing)
Sight – appearance (color, shape, size, defects) indicates ripeness, dilution levels, and sometimes quality
Smell – crucial aspect affecting food desirability and quality with a wide range of perceptible odors, which strongly affects food desirability via olfactory receptors
Taste – primarily on the tongue, varying levels of sensitivity across the tongue (sweet, salty, sour, bitter)
Touch – texture, consistency, astringency and temperature
Hearing – sounds such as crunching or crackling provide clues to food's ripeness, doneness, and freshness

Factor Influencing Taste

The ability to taste food depends on its solubility
Temperature affects the ability to accurately distinguish tastes
Color, time of day the food is eaten, the taster's age, gender, and hunger level can also influence taste perception
Genetic variation among individuals also plays a role
Bitterness tends to linger, often due to certain compounds
As people age, the number of taste buds decreases, influencing how they perceive food

Flavor

Flavor is a broader aspect than taste or aroma, with aroma contributing significantly to the overall flavor impression (about 75%)
Flavor diminishes over time
Reduced-fat products rarely duplicate the flavor of their original counterparts

Touch

The sense of touch is crucial, influencing food attributes such as texture, consistency, astringency, and temperature, observed both in the mouth and externally
Textural attributes are most noticeable in foods like apples, popcorn, and crackers.
A variety of textural descriptions could be used to characterize food (e.g., coarse, crisp, creamy, smooth, sticky etc)

Hearing

Sounds associated with foods play a role in evaluating food quality, such as crunching or crackling
Water content impacts the sounds produced and reflects the freshness and/or doneness of the food

Nutritional Value of Foods

Nutritional value assesses the balance of essential nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins) relative to a consumer's needs
Nutritional value takes a secondary position to taste perception in consumer preferences
Overall, food is viewed as an integral part of health maintenance
Complementary and alternative medicine, as well as foods containing antioxidants and functional food elements, affect food selection

Culture

Cultural preferences strongly influence food choices
Food preferences vary regionally, with some foods considered delicacies in certain parts of the world but rejected in others
Geographic factors and climate influence local food preferences.

Religious Criteria

Religious beliefs influence dietary choices by defining acceptable and unacceptable foods and preparation methods, for example dietary laws from Judaism or Hinduism or other religions
Strict adherence to religious dietary laws can impact food choices.

Psychological and Sociological Factors

Food habits are profoundly influenced psychologically
Availability and knowledge of food sources increase a sense of security, impacting choices
Advertising, social awareness, and peer influence can significantly shape food selections

Budgetary Criteria

Cost is a crucial determinant in food and restaurant choices
Time constraints for food preparation lead to a greater reliance on convenience foods, often at the expense of nutritional value

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Description

Explore the various factors influencing food selection, such as sensory factors, nutritional value, and cultural preferences. Understand the critical steps involved in food preparation and the broader concept of food processing, including the science and technology used to preserve food. This quiz covers the essential elements of food-related decision-making and practices.