Ch 4 Food Secrurity
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Questions and Answers

Which factor primarily contributes to chronic hunger among poor people?

  • Inability to buy food due to very low income. (correct)
  • Seasonal nature of agricultural activities.
  • Adverse weather conditions affecting crop yields.
  • Lack of access to government ration shops.

Seasonal hunger is more prevalent in urban areas due to the consistent availability of work throughout the year.

False (B)

What is the main objective of maintaining a buffer stock of food grains?

To distribute food grains in deficit areas, to help resolve food shortages during adverse conditions, and to maintain price stability.

The government announces the ________ every year before the sowing season to incentivize farmers.

<p>Minimum Support Price (MSP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Buffer Stock = Stock of food grains procured by the government through FCI Public Distribution System = System through which food is distributed to poorer sections of society Minimum Support Price = Pre announced price paid to farmers for their crops Green Revolution = Effort to increase food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states is NOT mentioned as having a large number of food-insecure people?

<p>Kerala (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Wheat Revolution' stamp was released in 1978 to commemorate the Green Revolution's success.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Food Corporation of India (FCI)?

<p>To procure and store food grains for the buffer stock. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of 'accessibility' within the context of food security?

<p>A family being able to physically reach a market and buy food. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Amartya Sen's perspective on food security, simply having enough food available is sufficient to ensure food security for a population.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how a drought can lead to a situation of famine in a region.

<p>A drought causes widespread crop failure, leading to food shortages. These shortages cause prices to increase, making food unaffordable for many. Prolonged and widespread drought can then lead to starvation and eventually famine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

People belonging to the Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and some sections of the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) are prone to food insecurity because they often have poor ______.

<p>land-base</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following groups with their primary reason for food insecurity:

<p>Landless agricultural laborers = Lack of consistent income and dependence on others for employment. Pregnant women and nursing mothers = Increased nutritional needs and vulnerability. People in disaster-prone areas = Disruption of food supply and loss of livelihoods due to natural calamities. Urban casual laborers = Irregular employment and low wages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors contribute to a family being classified as 'food insecure' in urban areas?

<p>Relying on casual labor and ill-paid occupations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Food security is only a concern during times of national disaster or widespread calamity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary objective of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India?

<p>To provide food grains to consumers at affordable prices and stabilize market prices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe how the government's granaries play a role in ensuring food availability component of food security.

<p>Government granaries store food stocks from previous years, ensuring a buffer supply that can be released to the market during shortages or crises, maintaining availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ration shops under the Public Distribution System (PDS) sell goods exclusively at market prices.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three essential commodities typically sold at ration shops under the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India.

<p>Food grains, sugar, and kerosene oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Public Distribution System in India dates back to rationing during the 1940s against the backdrop of the _______.

<p>Bengal famine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common malpractice associated with PDS dealers?

<p>Diverting grains to the open market for better margins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Minimum Support Price (MSP) and procurement system under the PDS have negatively impacted food grain production in India.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the ration card type with its intended beneficiary:

<p>Antyodaya cards = Poorest of the poor BPL cards = Those below the poverty line APL cards = All others</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do cooperative societies play in food security, particularly in southern and western India?

<p>They set up shops to sell goods to the poor people at lower prices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Food Insecurity

A situation where people lack reliable access to sufficient food.

Chronic Hunger

A long-term lack of adequate food quantity and quality.

Seasonal Hunger

Temporary hunger due to seasonal cycles of food production.

Green Revolution

A significant increase in agricultural production through new technology.

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Buffer Stock

Government-held reserve of food grains to ensure food security.

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Minimum Support Price (MSP)

A pre-announced price to incentivize farmers for their crops.

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Public Distribution System

Government system to distribute food grains to the needy through ration shops.

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Food Corporation of India (FCI)

Government agency responsible for food grain procurement and distribution.

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Availability

Refers to food production, imports, and stocks in granaries.

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Accessibility

Ensures food is within reach of every person.

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Affordability

Individuals have enough money to buy sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.

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Entitlements

Amartya Sen's concept focusing on access to food through rights and resources.

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Food Insecure

Groups and individuals who lack reliable access to sufficient food.

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Vulnerable Groups

Groups prone to food insecurity, including landless laborers and lower castes.

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Natural Calamities

Events like droughts and floods that cause food shortages and price increases.

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Public Distribution System (PDS)

A government program in India that provides food grains and essentials at subsidized rates to the poor.

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Ration Shops

Shops under PDS that sell essential items at lower prices to families with ration cards.

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Types of Ration Cards

Five categories of ration cards, including Antyodaya, BPL, APL, APS, and PHH.

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Antyodaya Cards

Ration cards designed for the poorest families in the PDS.

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Limitations of PDS

Challenges faced by PDS, including hunger despite stockpiles and malpractices by dealers.

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Role of Cooperatives

Cooperative societies help enhance food security by selling goods at lower prices.

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Study Notes

Food Security in India

  • Food security is the availability, accessibility, and affordability of safe and nutritious food for all people at all times.

  • Entitlements to food, as conceptualized by Amartya Sen, emphasizes access to food.

  • Food insecurity often affects the poorest segments of society, particularly during national emergencies or natural disasters.

  • Natural calamities, such as droughts, significantly reduce food production, leading to shortages and price increases, potentially causing widespread starvation or famine.

  • Landless people, traditional artisans, petty workers, and destitute, in rural areas, and unskilled laborers in urban areas, are highly vulnerable to food insecurity.

  • Societal groups, particularly Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and some Other Backward Classes (OBCs), with limited land access or productivity, are also at high risk.

  • Regions prone to natural disasters experience greater food insecurity.

  • Women and children (under 5 years old) are a large portion of the food-insecure population, including pregnant and nursing mothers.

  • Food insecurity is also indicated by chronic and seasonal hunger. Chronic hunger stems from inadequate food quantity and quality, often due to poverty. Seasonal hunger is temporary, linked to agricultural cycles in rural areas or job scarcity in urban ones.

  • India has initiatives to increase food security, such as the Green Revolution, aimed at increasing wheat and rice production.

  • The government maintains buffer stocks of food grains, purchased from surplus producing states, to ensure availability during shortages.

  • The Public Distribution System (PDS) distributes these food grains at subsidized prices to vulnerable groups through ration shops across the country.

  • Ration cards are categorized into different types: Antyodaya, BPL (Below Poverty Line), APL (Above Poverty Line), and PHH (Priority Households).

  • Cooperatives in southern and western India play a crucial role in supporting food security by establishing fair-price shops for vulnerable populations.

  • Government policies regarding minimum support price (MSP), promote farmer income.

  • The Academy of Development Science (ADS) is using grain banks to improve food security.

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