Food Safety and Pathogens Quiz

The agent is sensitive to streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and novobiocin.

The agent can be killed by heat at 55˚C for 15 minutes.

Properly heated municipal water provision, boiling or chemically treating water, and proper sewage disposal.

<p>Raw seafood may contain pathogens that are not killed, increasing the risk of foodborne infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foodborne viruses are primarily transmitted via the oral-fecal route.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foodborne viruses typically range from 15 to 400 nm in diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses can only replicate in living cells, which is significant for understanding infection mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infectious hepatitis is caused by fecal contamination of water or food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastroenteritis and typhoid fever.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms include abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, chills, fever, and prostration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The optimum growth temperature is between 35 and 37°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are natural inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and can also exist in soil, water, and sewage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C.perfringens produces enterotoxin and β-toxin, which cause gastrointestinal illnesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foods of animal origin such as beef, chicken, turkey, pork, eggs, and milk products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has heat-resistant spores and vegetative cells that survive in incompletely cooked foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salmonella does not multiply at aw levels of 0.94 or at low pH of 4.5 or below.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yersinia enterocolitica are gram-negative short rods, nonsporeforming, motile below 37°C, and facultative anaerobic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yersinia enterocolitica is a normal inhabitant of the intestines of food animals, birds, pets, wild animals, and humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and fever, lasting for 2 to 3 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commonly associated food items include raw milk, processed dairy products, raw and improperly cooked meats, and fresh vegetables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vibrio spp. are primarily transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish or exposure of wounds to warm seawater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Kanagawa phenomenon is associated with pathogenicity in Kanagawa-positive vibrios, which can cause gastroenteritis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, mild fever, and headache.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be isolated from sediment, plankton, sea fish, crustaceans, and shellfish in coastal and estuarine environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foodborne disease is an illness resulting from contaminated food, while food intoxication specifically refers to illnesses caused by bacterial toxins in food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogens can be transmitted through contaminated food and by insects that carry pathogens to food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insects, such as house flies, can spread pathogens like Salmonella and E.coli by transferring microbes from their body to food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contaminated wastewater can flow into drinking water sources, containing microbes from human or animal feces, which can cause infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first stage of transmission is the escape of the infectious agent from its host or reservoir.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One type of nonbacterial agent is parasites; an example is Giardia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fomites are non-living objects that can harbor pathogens, such as rusted barbed wire, which can cause infections when they contact wounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two common bacterial agents are Salmonella and Escherichia coli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary etiologic agent of Toxoplasmosis is the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporulated oocysts are shed in cat feces and can contaminate food, while unsporulated oocysts are not yet infectious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The definitive hosts for Toxoplasma gondii are felids, including domestic cats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarcocystosis refers to coccidian parasites that inhabit muscle tissue, with the etiologic agent being Sarcocystis species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congenital Toxoplasmosis infections can cause parasitemia in the mother and potentially infect the fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The causative agent of human trichinellosis is the parasite Trichinella spiralis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-infection, fertilized female trichinae burrow into the intestinal wall and release larvae into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Well-adapted parasites typically do not kill their hosts, ensuring their own survival and continued reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taeniasis is caused by adult tapeworms in the intestines of humans, while cysticercosis is caused by larval stages that can infect various tissues within the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taenia saginata is known as the beef tapeworm and is associated with cattle, while Taenia solium is the pork tapeworm linked to pigs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scolex is the head of the tapeworm that allows it to attach to the intestinal wall, and Taenia solium has hooks on its scolex for better attachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillaria philipiensis is a nematode first reported in the Philippines that primarily resides in the small intestines, and its definitive host is humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anisakis simplex, a larval stage nematode, primarily transmits through the consumption of contaminated fish or seafood, with whales and dolphins as definitive hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi, specifically aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patulin is a mycotoxin with strong fungistatic activity, toxic to seeds and seedlings of various higher plants like corn and wheat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ochratoxin A is a toxic metabolite isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus that is harmful to various animals like ducklings and rats.</p> Signup and view all the answers