Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of salting cabbage leaves in kimchi preparation?
To kill harmful bacteria and draw water out of the leaves so they become soft and limp
What is the term for the period of time that a food can be stored before it spoils?
Shelf life
How does heat preservation method kill or deactivate pathogens in food?
By killing or deactivating pathogens and destroying naturally occurring enzymes in foods that can contribute to food spoilage
What role do microbes play in the fermentation process of food preservation?
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What are some examples of foods produced through fermentation?
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What is the purpose of allowing kimchi to ferment for 1 to 5 days?
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What is the primary function of the paste-like mixture in kimchi preparation?
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Why is it essential to understand food preservation methods?
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What is the recommended boiling time for home-canned, low-acid foods before consumption?
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What is the purpose of food irradiation?
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What is the international food irradiation symbol required on irradiated food packages?
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According to medical experts, what is the effect of irradiation on the nutritional value of food?
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What is the advantage of irradiation in extending the shelf life of foods?
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Why do some Americans avoid purchasing irradiated foods?
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What type of foods does the FDA allow to be irradiated?
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How does the energy used in food irradiation affect the food?
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What is the primary reason why adding salt or sugar to foods helps preserve them?
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What is the purpose of aseptic processing in food preservation?
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What is the main difference between heating and pasteurization?
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What is the primary effect of drying on microorganisms?
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What is the purpose of curing in food preservation?
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What is the main risk associated with home-canned, low-acid foods?
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Why are foods made with vinegar, fruit, or citrus juices less likely to be sources of Clostridium botulinum?
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What is the primary effect of refrigeration and freezing on microorganisms?
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What is the purpose of irradiation in food preservation?
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Why is canning an effective method for preserving foods?
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Study Notes
Food Preservation
- Kimchi is a traditional Korean food made with vegetables, and its preparation involves careful washing, salting, rinsing, and fermenting with a paste-like mixture to create a safe and edible snack.
Importance of Food Preservation
- If left unattended, fresh food undergoes chemical changes, leading to spoilage, and preserving food extends its shelf life.
Methods of Food Preservation
- Heating: kills or deactivates pathogens, destroys enzymes that contribute to spoilage, and is used for most foods.
- Adding salt/sugar: binds water, reducing the amount available for microbes, and is used for foods like ham, bacon, pickled foods, jams, and jellies.
- Smoking: kills spoilage microbes, destroys enzymes, and is used for meats and fish.
- Curing: retards the growth of C. botulinum, stabilizes flavor, and is used for processed meat, smoked fish, or poultry.
- Chilling/freezing: slows molecular movement, retarding microbial and enzymatic activity, and is used for most foods.
- Drying (dehydration): removes moisture, making it difficult for microbes to survive, and is used for fruits, herbs, meat jerkies, and seeds.
- Fermenting: produces acids and alcohol that interfere with unwanted microbe survival, and is used for beverages, yogurt, cheese, and soy sauce.
- Canning: kills spoilage microbes, destroys enzymes, removes oxygen, and is used for meats, fish, poultry, fruits, vegetables, and milk.
- Irradiating: destroys most pathogens, delays sprouting, and is used for spices, raw meat and poultry, fresh fruits and vegetables.
Home-Canned Foods
- Commercial foods are heated to specific temperatures for set times, ensuring freedom from pathogens.
- Home-canned foods may contain C. botulinum bacteria or toxin, and low-acid foods like beans and corn should be boiled for 10 minutes before eating.
Irradiation
- Irradiation preserves food by using high energy to kill pathogens and microbes, and does not make food radioactive.
- Irradiation is effective in destroying insects and microorganisms, and is approved for use on beef, pork, poultry, shrimp, lobsters, crabs, fresh fruits and vegetables, seeds, shell eggs, and spices.
- Irradiated foods must be labeled with the Radura symbol and a statement indicating irradiation treatment.
- Medical experts consider irradiated foods safe to eat, with few or no nutritive losses.
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Description
Learn about the importance of food preservation, how fresh food can spoil, and various methods like heating to extend shelf life. Discover the traditional Korean dish kimchi and its preparation process.