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Questions and Answers
In terms of energy, what is the relationship between kilocalories and kilojoules?
1 kcal = 4.2 kJ
What is the energy value of 1g of fat in kilojoules?
1g fat = 38 kJ
What are the recommended daily energy allowances for 16-year-old girls and boys, in kilojoules?
9600 kJ for girls, 12600 kJ for boys
(a) Define catabolism and explain its role in energy production at the cellular level.
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Explain the process of ATP production in the context of catabolism and its significance for cellular function.
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Differentiate between monosaccharides and polysaccharides, providing examples of each and their respective functions in living organisms.
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Discuss the roles of lipase and phospholipids in biological systems, highlighting their significance in cellular processes.
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Explain the significance of fat-soluble vitamins in human nutrition and provide an example of a disorder related to a deficiency in such vitamins.
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Describe the chemical composition of amino acids and their role in living organisms, emphasizing their differences from monosaccharides.
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What are the structural and physiological functions of proteins in living organisms? Provide examples of each function.
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Explain the importance of vitamins and minerals in human nutrition, and provide examples of deficiency diseases related to each.
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Describe the significance of water in living organisms, outlining its various roles in maintaining life.
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Explain the difference between macronutrients, micronutrients, and trace elements in the context of food composition.
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Describe the various types of carbohydrates found in food and their roles in the human diet.
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Discuss the composition and functions of lipids in the human body, as well as the methods used to test for lipids in food.
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Study Notes
Chemical Composition of Food
- Macronutrients, needed in larger quantities, include Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.
- Micronutrients, needed in smaller quantities, include Sodium, Magnesium, Chlorine, Potassium, and Calcium.
- Trace Elements, needed in very small quantities, include Iron, Copper, and Zinc.
- Biomolecules in food include Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Vitamins.
- Carbohydrates consist of simple sugars with a general formula of (CH2O)n.
- Carbohydrates are divided into Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides, which are sources of energy and dietary fiber.
- Storage Polysaccharides store excess sugars, while Structural Polysaccharides are used to build tissues.
- Practical activities for testing starch and reducing sugar involve iodine and Benedict's solution, respectively.
- Lipids consist of glycerol and fatty acids, and come in the forms of fats and oils.
- Lipids serve as a concentrated source of energy, are used for energy storage, and play a structural role in cell membranes.
- A test for lipids can be conducted by rubbing a substance onto brown paper and observing the results.
- Lipids also play roles in organ protection, heat insulation, and providing a rounded shape in women.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the chemical composition of food with this quiz. Explore the macronutrients, micronutrients, trace elements, and biomolecules found in food, including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Discover the roles these components play in providing energy, building tissues, and supporting bodily functions.