Questions and Answers
Which three classes of nutrients supply the body with energy?
What roles do carbohydrates play in the body?
Carbohydrates supply energy for body functions.
What roles do fats play in the body?
Fats supply energy, form cells, maintain body temperature, and protect nerves.
What role do proteins play in the body?
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Define metabolism.
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What are calories?
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What are the two types of carbohydrates?
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____________ is a type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants.
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What are the three types of fats found in food?
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____________ is a waxy, fat-like substance that is found only in animal products.
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These smaller substances that are the building blocks of proteins are known as ____________.
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Nutrients that are made by living things, required only in small amounts, and that assist many chemical reactions in the body are minerals.
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What is the difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?
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Which vitamins fall into the two categories of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?
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Which of these foods is a good source of vitamin A?
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Vitamins called ____________ help protect healthy cells from the damage caused by the normal aging process.
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Your body needs only small amounts of minerals, which are nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil.
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Which seven minerals are needed by the body in significant amounts?
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____________ is the process of maintaining a steady state inside your body.
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What disease can be caused by a lack of calcium?
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What are the four main recommendations contained in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
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What does the MyPyramid plan indicate?
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Study Notes
Nutrients and Energy
- Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the three nutrient classes that provide energy to the body.
- Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for bodily functions.
- Fats serve multiple roles: provide energy, form cell membranes, maintain body temperature, and protect nerves.
- Proteins mainly help with tissue growth and repair, but can also supply energy.
Metabolism
- Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that convert food into usable energy.
- It enables the body to extract nutrients from food for daily activities.
Calories
- Calories measure energy released from nutrients during breakdown.
- Caloric intake varies based on age, physical activity level, gender, and body needs.
Carbohydrates
- Two main types: simple carbohydrates (sugars) and complex carbohydrates (starches and fiber).
- Fiber, a complex carbohydrate, is found in plants and supports digestive health.
Fats
- Fats are categorized into saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats.
- Cholesterol is a waxy substance present only in animal products.
Proteins and Amino Acids
- Proteins consist of long chains of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
Vitamins and Minerals
- Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for numerous bodily functions and are classified as fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, Pantothenic acid, Folate, Biotin, C).
- Antioxidants are vitamins that protect cells from damage associated with aging and cancer.
- Minerals are inorganic nutrients necessary in small amounts, primarily derived from rocks and soil.
- Significant minerals include calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur.
Health Implications
- A lack of calcium can lead to osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones.
Dietary Guidelines
- Key recommendations include making smart food choices, balancing food intake with physical activity, maximizing nutrition from calories, and practicing safe food handling.
MyPyramid Plan
- The MyPyramid plan categorizes foods into groups and suggests daily intake amounts for a balanced diet.
- The pyramid features six colored bands representing food groups, with the width of each band indicating the proportion of food recommended from that group.
- Stair steps in the pyramid symbolize the importance of physical activity for maintaining overall health.
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Description
Test your knowledge with this quiz on Chapter 8, focusing on food and nutrition. Explore the roles of various nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and understand how they supply energy to the body. This quiz is a great way to reinforce your learning on this crucial topic.