Food and Nutrients Definitions Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the scientific definition of food?

Any substance that you consume that provides the nutrients necessary in order to sustain life.

What is the legal definition of food?

Can be processed, partially processed, or unprocessed for consumption that are meant to be ingested by humans; any substance included in the manufacturing process.

What are processed foods?

Components of a particular part of that food can be removed during its development.

What are nutrients?

The items or chemical substances found directly in food that provide energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main energy yielding nutrient?

Carbohydrates. Signup and view all the answers

What are the most energy dense nutrients?

Proteins and lipids. Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins composed of?

Polypeptide chains, which are amino acids bonded by peptide bonds. Signup and view all the answers

What are essential nutrients?

Nutrients strictly required by the body because the body cannot make them on its own. Signup and view all the answers

What are zoochemicals?

A substance found in animal foods that is not an essential nutrient but may have health-promoting properties. Signup and view all the answers

What are phytochemicals?

Chemicals in plant-based foods that are not nutrients but have effects on the body. Signup and view all the answers

What are nonessential nutrients?

Nutrients important to the body but not essential because the body may be able to make them. Signup and view all the answers

What are the six nutrient categories?

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, and minerals. Signup and view all the answers

What are simple carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides and disaccharides that can join with other sugars to form complex ones. Signup and view all the answers

What are complex carbohydrates?

Polysaccharides, which are composed of multiple glucose molecules or simple sugars linked by chemical bonds. Signup and view all the answers

What are lipids?

Energy-rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What are trans fats?

Fats made when manufacturers add hydrogen to vegetable oils to increase shelf life stability. Signup and view all the answers

What are unsaturated fats?

Fats that are liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. Signup and view all the answers

What do phospholipids do?

Comprise the structure of cells and are used in food products to prevent water and oil from separating. Signup and view all the answers

What are vitamins?

Compounds that help regulate many vital body processes. Signup and view all the answers

What are micronutrients?

Nutrients required by the body in smaller amounts. Signup and view all the answers

What are macronutrients?

Nutrients required by the body in large amounts. Signup and view all the answers

What are energy yielding nutrients?

Nutrients that break down to yield energy the body can use. Signup and view all the answers

What are inorganic nutrients?

Nutrients that do not contain carbon atoms in their structure. Signup and view all the answers

What are organic nutrients?

Nutrients that have carbon in their chemical structures. Signup and view all the answers

Is alcohol considered a nutrient?

False Signup and view all the answers

What three elements make up carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

Are proteins the only macronutrients that contain nitrogen?

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of nutrients in the body?

Energy, structure, and regulation. Signup and view all the answers

What do nutrient profiles represent?

The nutrient contribution expressed in a standard unit. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Food Definitions

Food, scientifically defined, is any substance consumed to provide necessary nutrients for sustaining life.
Legally, food includes processed, partially processed, or unprocessed substances intended for human consumption, covering items like beverages and chewing gum.

Processed Foods

Processed foods have components removed during development for preservation or enhancement.

Nutrients Overview

Nutrients are chemical substances in food or beverages that provide energy and support health.
Essential nutrients, like Vitamin C, must be obtained through diet as the body cannot produce them.
Nonessential nutrients are important but can be synthesized by the body in varying amounts.

Nutrient Categories

There are six primary nutrient categories: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, and minerals.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the main energy-yielding nutrients, comprising starches and sugars.
Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides and disaccharides, which can form complex sugars.
Complex carbohydrates, or polysaccharides, consist of multiple glucose molecules linked through chemical bonds.

Proteins and Lipids

Proteins are composed of amino acid chains connected by peptide bonds, serving as the second most energy-dense nutrient.
Lipids, including fats, oils, and waxes, are energy-rich compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Specific Types of Lipids

Trans fats are artificially created by adding hydrogen to vegetable oils to enhance shelf life.
Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and can be found in plant oils, nuts, and seeds.
Phospholipids are crucial for cell structure and are commonly used in food products to keep oil and water from separating.

Vitamins and Micronutrients

Vitamins assist in regulating digestion, absorption, and metabolism of other nutrients.
Micronutrients, like vitamins B, C, and D, and minerals such as iron and calcium, are required in smaller amounts.
Macronutrients, which include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water, are needed in larger quantities.

Energy and Nutrient Composition

Energy-yielding nutrients break down to provide the body with usable energy; these include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Inorganic nutrients, such as minerals and water, lack carbon in their structure, while organic nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins) contain carbon.

Nutrient Profiles and Functions

Nutrient profiles describe the contribution of nutrients in standard units, like cups or ounces.
Nutrients play vital roles in the body, including providing energy, building structures, and regulating processes.

Alcohol

Alcohol provides energy (7 kcal/g) but is not classified as a nutrient.

Key Chemical Elements

The three elements that compose macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Proteins are unique among macronutrients as they contain nitrogen in their structure.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the definitions and classifications of food and nutrients. This quiz covers both scientific and legal definitions, focusing on the factors that make a substance qualify as food. Perfect for students studying nutrition or food science.