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Food Additives: Nitrites and Nitrates

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for adding nitrite to meat products?

To achieve a desirable pink color in meat products (correct)

To increase the shelf life of meat products

To increase the fat content of meat products

To enhance the flavor of meat products

What is the byproduct formed when ascorbate reacts with NO2− (nitrite ion)?

Nitric oxide (NO) (correct)

Nitrosamine (R2N-NO)

Nitrate (NO3)

Nitrous oxide (N2O)

What is the potential toxicity caused by excessive nitrite consumption?

Cancer and cardiovascular disease

Nitrosamine formation and carcinogenesis (correct)

Respiratory problems and gastrointestinal issues

Neurodegenerative disorders and kidney damage

What is the primary purpose of adding sodium ascorbate to cured meat?

To inhibit nitrosation of amines Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that occurs when nitrite (NO2) is converted to nitrate (NO3)?

Oxidation reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pH level of cured meat?

pH 5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum limit of nitrosamine allowed in fried bacon, according to the USFDA?

10 ppb Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using ascorbic and erythorbic acids in curing solutions?

To reduce the risk of nitrosamine formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum level of nitrite required in vacuum packed smoked fish to prevent botulism?

100 ppm Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested association between the consumption of dried or salted fish and the risk of colon and rectal cancer?

An increased risk of colon and rectal cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding sugar and LAB to the curing solution on the amount of nitrite used?

It decreases the amount of nitrite used Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable residual amount of nitrites in cured bacon?

175 mg/kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stomach acid or bacteria on N-nitroso compounds?

It catalyzes their formation Signup and view all the answers

What happens to dietary nitrates in the body?

They are converted to nitrites during digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with nitrosamines in cured meat products?

They are mutagenic and carcinogenic Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of ingested nitrates is reduced to nitrite by bacteria in saliva?

5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cooking on nitrosamides?

It breaks them down Signup and view all the answers