FOCA 2023 Thorax I Thoracic Wall, Pleurae & Lungs Quiz

What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?

Relaxes to decrease the thoracic cavity volume during expiration
Contracts to increase the thoracic cavity volume during inspiration (correct)
Contracts to elevate the ribs during inspiration
Relaxes to lower the ribs during expiration

Which anatomical structures make up the walls of the thoracic cavity?

Pelvis, femur, and sacrum
Ribs, vertebrae, and sternum (correct)
Clavicle, scapula, and humerus
Ribs, vertebrae, and abdominal muscles

How does rib movement contribute to breathing?

Compression of thoracic cavity during inspiration for inhalation
Expansion of thoracic cavity during expiration for exhalation
Lowering of ribs increases thoracic cavity volume during inspiration (correct)
Raising of ribs reduces thoracic cavity volume during expiration

What is the main function of the intercostal muscles in the thoracic wall?

To elevate the ribs during inhalation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cervical pleura in the thoracic cavity?

To maintain lung inflation by preventing collapse of the upper lung regions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of serous membranes in the thoracic cavity?

Secrete mucus for lubrication (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the thoracic cavity, which structure lines the inside of the pulmonary cavity?

Visceral pleura (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which membrane secretes a watery fluid in the thoracic cavity to reduce friction between organs?

Serous membranes (B) Signup and view all the answers

The mediastinum contains all of the following structures except:

Vessels (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure protects and supports breathing in the thoracic cavity?

Diaphragm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the intercostal muscles during inhalation?

Elevate the ribs (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which ribs are considered true ribs based on their attachment to the sternum?

Ribs 1-7 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rib movement in breathing?

To expand and contract the thoracic cavity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the thoracic inlet located anatomically?

At the superior border of manubrium (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is a thoracostomy tube usually placed along the inferior edge of an intercostal space?

To avoid damage to the main neurovascular bundle located along the superior edge of the intercostal space. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the trachea in relation to the esophagus?

The trachea is anterior and adjacent to the esophagus. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional significance of the skeletal muscle component present in the posterior wall of the trachea?

To assist in expanding and contracting during breathing. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does a thoracentesis differ from a thoracostomy tube placement?

Thoracentesis involves removing excess pleural fluid, while a thoracostomy tube is inserted to drain air from the pleural space. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is proper placement of a thoracostomy tube essential for minimizing complications?

Incorrect positioning can damage the diaphragm muscle and affect breathing mechanics. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for rib elevation?

External intercostal muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm?

Muscle of respiration (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure covers the central tendon of the diaphragm?

Pericardium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the phrenic nerve?

Sensory supply to the diaphragm (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which ribs are involved in increasing the anterior-posterior dimension of the thoracic cavity?

Upper ribs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endothoracic fascia according to the text?

Aids in maintaining a natural cleavage plane for surgical purposes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the pleural fluid within the pleural cavity?

To maintain a negative pressure between the parietal and visceral pleurae (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the thoracic cavity are the costodiaphragmatic recesses located?

Around the edge of the diaphragm (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do rib movements contribute to breathing, as explained in the text?

Rib movements facilitate expansion and contraction of the lungs (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves carry somatic afferents related to touch and pain from the parietal pleura, as mentioned in the text?

Intercostal and phrenic nerves (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for inspiration?

Diaphragm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pleural fluid?

To facilitate the sliding motion between the parietal and visceral pleurae during breathing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the costodiaphragmatic recess during inspiration?

It expands, and the lungs are drawn into it (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism that causes the lungs to expand during inspiration?

Decrease in pleural pressure (negative pressure) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical application of a pneumothorax?

Introduction of air into the pleural cavity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intercostal muscles during inspiration?

To elevate the ribs and increase the volume of the thoracic cavity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a chest tube placement in the pleural cavity?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

During expiration, what happens to the diaphragm?

It becomes more domed (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures adheres to the lungs, drawing them into the recesses during inspiration?