Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of an infant's total body weight is body water at birth?
What percentage of an infant's total body weight is body water at birth?
Preinjection arterial solutions should always be used on non-autopsied infants.
Preinjection arterial solutions should always be used on non-autopsied infants.
False
Which of the following is NOT a type of autopsy that can be performed on an infant?
Which of the following is NOT a type of autopsy that can be performed on an infant?
What is the primary injection site for non-autopsied infants?
What is the primary injection site for non-autopsied infants?
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What is the most important point to remember about the relationship between an infant's body weight and body fat?
What is the most important point to remember about the relationship between an infant's body weight and body fat?
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What is the recommended machine pressure for embalming a non-autopsied infant?
What is the recommended machine pressure for embalming a non-autopsied infant?
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What is the primary injection site for non-autopsied children (4-12 years old)?
What is the primary injection site for non-autopsied children (4-12 years old)?
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What is a critical consideration when embalming an elderly individual with arthritic conditions?
What is a critical consideration when embalming an elderly individual with arthritic conditions?
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Which of the following conditions is NOT a potential problem encountered while embalming an elderly individual?
Which of the following conditions is NOT a potential problem encountered while embalming an elderly individual?
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What are the three main reasons why embalming a case with skin recovery can be problematic?
What are the three main reasons why embalming a case with skin recovery can be problematic?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for embalming an autopsied case?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for embalming an autopsied case?
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The preembalming analysis for rib bone recovery is dictated by the donation.
The preembalming analysis for rib bone recovery is dictated by the donation.
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What is the general protocol for embalming a case where the temporal bone has been removed using the external approach?
What is the general protocol for embalming a case where the temporal bone has been removed using the external approach?
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What is the most common issue that arises during the embalming process of cases involving bone removal (e.g., long bone, mandible, or vertebrae)?
What is the most common issue that arises during the embalming process of cases involving bone removal (e.g., long bone, mandible, or vertebrae)?
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When embalming cases where organ donation has taken place, preinjection is always recommended.
When embalming cases where organ donation has taken place, preinjection is always recommended.
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Which of the following is considered a tissue donation, rather than organ donation?
Which of the following is considered a tissue donation, rather than organ donation?
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The legal consequences of organ and tissue donation are the same.
The legal consequences of organ and tissue donation are the same.
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Which of the following is NOT a common reason for performing an organ or tissue donation?
Which of the following is NOT a common reason for performing an organ or tissue donation?
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External access for arterial injection in organ donor cases is the preferred method.
External access for arterial injection in organ donor cases is the preferred method.
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Study Notes
Embalming Protocols Part One
- Module: MSE 017
- Topics covered: Age considerations, autopsied cases, organ-tissue donation cases
- Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to identify and perform appropriate arterial and cavity embalming protocols on various cases (infant, child, adult, elderly), autopsied cases, and organ-tissue donation cases correctly.
- Resources Used:
- Embalming - History, Theory, & Practice, Fourth Edition, by Robert G. Mayer
- The Principles And Practice Of Embalming, Fifth Edition, by Clarence G. Strub and L.G. Frederick
- Mosby's Medical Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions, 1st Edition
Embalming Protocols as They Relate to Age
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Age is a critical factor in embalming analyses (preembalming, concurrent, terminal).
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Age classifications:
- Infant (birth to 18 months)
- Toddler (18 months to 48 months)
- Child to Young Adult (48 months to 12 years)
- Young Adult to Adult (12 years to mid-seventies)
- Elderly (mid-seventies to late nineties)
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Major differences in protocols by age:
- Infants' hands and head alignment differ.
- Mouth closures differ due to jaw size.
- Eye closures may not require eye caps for infants.
- Arterial solution volume needed will be less for infants.
- Practitioners should avoid stereotyping based on age.
General Information Concerning Infants
- Body water is approximately 75% at birth, dropping to 60% by age 1.
- Body fat is approximately 12% at birth, increasing to 30% by age 1.
- Infants require specific embalming protocols due to water/fat ratios.
- Do not use pre-injection solutions on non-autopsied infant cases.
- Do not use weak arterial solutions.
- Calculate infant weight based on age for more accurate arterial solution mixing.
Classifications of Infant/Child Cases
- Non-autopsied cases
- Autopsied cases:
- Complete autopsy
- Partial autopsy
- Special/Local autopsy
- Restricted autopsy
Organ Donation Cases
- Eye or corneal removal
- Organ donation
- Bone donation
- Epidermal donation
- Delayed cases: cases that have been delayed but have not been refrigerated or frozen.
- Premature infants: birth weight of 2,500 grams or less.
- Stillborn infants: died prior to normal delivery
Infant Embalming Protocol Guidelines
- Follow same adult considerations (paperwork, authorizations, medical certificates, ID, etc).
- Remove from refrigeration and unwrap.
- Disinfect & wash case & orifices.
- Follow appropriate infant eye and mouth closure protocols.
- Don't use strong arterial solutions or solutions containing dyes for non-autopsied infant cases.
General Information Concerning Autopsied Cases
- Four types of autopsy:
- Complete autopsy
- Partial autopsy
- Special/local autopsy
- Restricted autopsy
- Considerations for blood vessel selection, arterial solution strength, and rate of flow specific to autopsied cases.
General Information Concerning the Embalming of the Elderly
- Problems associated with arthritic conditions.
- Potential problems associated with vessel selection and body positioning.
- Importance of careful manual manipulation of extremities.
- Considerations for various diseases, e.g., senile purpura, and their implications for embalming procedures
Embalming Protocols - Specific Cases
- Protocols for organ/tissue donation cases.
- Importance of specific documentation for proper authorization regarding organ and tissue donation procedures.
- Consent is necessary from the legal next-of-kin.
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