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Fluorescence and Confocal Microscopy Outline
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Fluorescence and Confocal Microscopy Outline

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Questions and Answers

What type of chemicals are fluorochromes?

  • Proteins
  • Enzymes
  • Photoreactive chemicals (correct)
  • Antibodies
  • What happens to the light absorbed by fluorochromes?

  • It is reflected back as white light
  • It is converted into heat energy
  • It is absorbed completely by the fluorochromes
  • It is emitted at a lower energy level as fluorescence (correct)
  • What is the primary function of the secondary antibody conjugated to a fluorochrome in immunofluorescent staining?

  • To allow detection of antigen-antibody complexes (correct)
  • To bind to the antigen
  • To emit high energy light
  • To locate and identify patterns of protein expression
  • What type of tissues is immunofluorescent staining suitable for?

    <p>Frozen, non-fixed tissues and ethanol fixed tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of immunofluorescent staining?

    <p>To identify patterns of protein expression in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fluorophores in fluorescence microscopy?

    <p>To absorb light and emit it with lower energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of incubating cells with a blocking solution in the immunofluorescent cell staining process?

    <p>To minimize non-specific staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluorochrome is the secondary antibody directed against the primary antibody in the provided information?

    <p>FITC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to visualize stained specimens on a fluorescent microscope?

    <p>PBS/Glycerol mix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major problem in microscopic examination of fluorescent specimens?

    <p>Photobleaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical agent may be added to the mounting medium to preserve specimen brightness and prevent photobleaching?

    <p>Trans-pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline (PADA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of incubating fixed cells in 1% Triton X-100 in PBS+0.02%BSA for 2 minutes at room temperature?

    <p>To permeabilize the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary antibody is specific for the protein p53 as mentioned in the provided information?

    <p>Sheep anti-p53 polyconal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of immunofluorescent staining?

    <p>To locate and identify patterns of protein expression in cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fluorochromes in fluorescence microscopy?

    <p>Fluorochromes absorb light in a specific wavelength range and re-emit it with lower energy, allowing the visualization of fluorescent samples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissues is immunofluorescent staining suitable for?

    <p>Frozen, non-fixed tissues and ethanol fixed tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the light absorbed by fluorochromes?

    <p>Fluorochromes re-emit the absorbed light at a longer wavelength with lower energy, a process known as fluorescence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major advantage of confocal microscopy over conventional fluorescent microscopy?

    <p>Confocal microscopy provides higher resolution and better 3-dimensional imaging compared to conventional fluorescent microscopy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the secondary antibody conjugated to a fluorochrome in immunofluorescent staining?

    <p>To bind to the antibody-antigen complex and allow detection of the complex through fluorescence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical can be added to the mounting medium to preserve specimen brightness and prevent photobleaching?

    <p>trans-pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline (PADA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific fluorochrome used for the secondary antibody directed against the primary antibody in the provided information?

    <p>FITC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In immunofluorescent cell staining, what is the primary function of the secondary antibody conjugated to a fluorochrome?

    <p>To bind to the primary antibody and aid in visualization under a microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fluorochromes in fluorescence microscopy?

    <p>Fluorochromes absorb light at one wavelength and emit it at a longer wavelength, producing fluorescence, which aids in visualization under the microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical is used to fix cells during the cell preparation process?

    <p>Paraformaldehyde or methanol/acetone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major problem in microscopic examination of fluorescent specimens?

    <p>The tendency of fluorochromes to lose fluorescence upon excitation by a high energy light source, known as photobleaching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of incubating fixed cells in 1% Triton X-100 in PBS+0.02%BSA for 2 minutes at room temperature?

    <p>To permeabilize the cells, allowing antibodies to enter and bind to intracellular structures or proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to visualize stained specimens on a fluorescent microscope?

    <p>Mounting medium, usually a PBS/Glycerol mix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific primary antibody mentioned for the protein p53 in the provided information?

    <p>Sheep anti-p53 polyconal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific fluorochrome used for the secondary antibody directed against the protein a tubulin in the provided information?

    <p>Texas Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

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