Fluid Volume Excess (FVE) Management and Treatment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What laboratory data is used to evaluate fluid volume status?

Hemoglobin and platelet count

BUN and its relation to serum creatinine concentration (correct)

White blood cell count

Glucose level

What is the normal BUN to serum creatinine concentration ratio?

15:1

5:1

20:1

10:1 (correct)

In a volumedepleted patient, the BUN to serum creatinine ratio is typically:

Exactly 10:1

Greater than 20:1 (correct)

Between 15:1 and 20:1

Less than 5:1

What can cause hyperkalemia?

Adrenal insufficiency due to aldosterone deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What can result in hyponatremia?

Increased thirst and ADH release Signup and view all the answers

What is the major regulator of potassium in the body?

GI and renal losses Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory finding indicates a decreased plasma volume?

Elevated hematocrit level Signup and view all the answers

What can be harmful to patients with liver damage?

Salt substitutes containing ammonium chloride Signup and view all the answers

In some communities, what may contain too much sodium for a sodium-restricted diet?

Drinking water Signup and view all the answers

What should patients do if the local water supply is very high in sodium?

Use distilled water Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients on sodium-restricted diets carefully examine the label before purchasing and drinking bottled water?

To check sodium content Signup and view all the answers

What should patients on sodium-restricted diets be cautioned to avoid in relation to water softeners?

Water softeners that add sodium to water Signup and view all the answers

What may be increased in patients who are malnourished or have low serum protein levels?

Protein intake Signup and view all the answers

What will increasing oncotic pressure in the bloodstream do?

Pull fluid out of the tissues into vessels for excretion by the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between oliguria and hypovolemia?

Oliguria may or may not be present in hypovolemia Signup and view all the answers

What happens to urine specific gravity in response to the kidneys' attempt to conserve water?

Urine specific gravity changes Signup and view all the answers

What effect does lack of ADH in diabetes insipidus have on urine water content and urine specific gravity?

Increased urine water content and decreased urine specific gravity Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of aldosterone secretion when fluid volume is low?

Decreased urinary sodium and chloride Signup and view all the answers

Why is skin turgor assessment not as valid in older adults for detecting fluid volume deficit?

Other measures like vein filling are more useful Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when correcting fluid loss in patients with fluid volume deficit?

Maintenance requirements and factors influencing fluid needs Signup and view all the answers

What type of electrolyte solution is preferred for hypotensive patients with fluid volume deficit to expand plasma volume?

Isotonic electrolyte crystalloid solutions Signup and view all the answers

What are some clinical manifestations of fluid volume excess (FVE)?

Edema, distended jugular veins, and crackles in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is a useful laboratory data in diagnosing FVE?

Decreased BUN and hematocrit levels due to plasma dilution Signup and view all the answers

What is the management approach for FVE?

Discontinuing excessive administration of sodium-containing fluids and administering diuretics while restricting fluids and sodium Signup and view all the answers

What do diuretics do in the management of FVE?

Reduce sodium and water reabsorption at the nephron and enhance water loss via the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diuretics are prescribed for severe hypervolemia?

Loop diuretics Signup and view all the answers

What electrolyte imbalances may result from diuretic side effects in FVE?

Hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and decreased magnesium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the nutritional therapy for FVE?

Dietary restriction of sodium, with mild sodium-restricted diets allowing only light salting of food and avoidance of foods high in sodium Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Management and Treatment of Fluid Volume Excess

Clinical manifestations of fluid volume excess (FVE) include edema, distended jugular veins, and crackles in the lungs.
Laboratory data useful in diagnosing FVE include decreased BUN and hematocrit levels due to plasma dilution.
Chest x-ray may reveal pulmonary congestion in FVE.
Management of FVE involves discontinuing excessive administration of sodium-containing fluids and administering diuretics while restricting fluids and sodium.
Diuretics reduce sodium and water reabsorption at the nephron and enhance water loss via the kidneys.
Thiazide diuretics are prescribed for mild to moderate hypervolemia, while loop diuretics are prescribed for severe hypervolemia.
Electrolyte imbalances may result from diuretic side effects, including hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and decreased magnesium levels.
Azotemia and high uric acid levels can occur in FVE, and if renal function is severely impaired, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis may be necessary.
Nutritional therapy for FVE involves dietary restriction of sodium, with mild sodium-restricted diets allowing only light salting of food and avoidance of foods high in sodium.
Sodium salt, rather than sodium itself, contributes to edema, so patients are instructed to read food labels carefully to determine salt content.
Seasoning substitutes, such as lemon juice, onions, and garlic, can help decrease sodium intake, but caution is needed with salt substitutes containing potassium for patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics.
Salt substitutes should not be used in conditions associated with potassium retention, such as advanced kidney disease.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the management and treatment of fluid volume excess (FVE) with this quiz. Explore clinical manifestations, laboratory data, chest x-ray findings, diuretic use, electrolyte imbalances, and nutritional therapy for FVE.