Podcast
Questions and Answers
What laboratory data is used to evaluate fluid volume status?
What laboratory data is used to evaluate fluid volume status?
- Hemoglobin and platelet count
- BUN and its relation to serum creatinine concentration (correct)
- White blood cell count
- Glucose level
What is the normal BUN to serum creatinine concentration ratio?
What is the normal BUN to serum creatinine concentration ratio?
- 15:1
- 5:1
- 20:1
- 10:1 (correct)
In a volumedepleted patient, the BUN to serum creatinine ratio is typically:
In a volumedepleted patient, the BUN to serum creatinine ratio is typically:
- Exactly 10:1
- Greater than 20:1 (correct)
- Between 15:1 and 20:1
- Less than 5:1
What can cause hyperkalemia?
What can cause hyperkalemia?
What can result in hyponatremia?
What can result in hyponatremia?
What is the major regulator of potassium in the body?
What is the major regulator of potassium in the body?
What laboratory finding indicates a decreased plasma volume?
What laboratory finding indicates a decreased plasma volume?
What can be harmful to patients with liver damage?
What can be harmful to patients with liver damage?
In some communities, what may contain too much sodium for a sodium-restricted diet?
In some communities, what may contain too much sodium for a sodium-restricted diet?
What should patients do if the local water supply is very high in sodium?
What should patients do if the local water supply is very high in sodium?
Why should patients on sodium-restricted diets carefully examine the label before purchasing and drinking bottled water?
Why should patients on sodium-restricted diets carefully examine the label before purchasing and drinking bottled water?
What should patients on sodium-restricted diets be cautioned to avoid in relation to water softeners?
What should patients on sodium-restricted diets be cautioned to avoid in relation to water softeners?
What may be increased in patients who are malnourished or have low serum protein levels?
What may be increased in patients who are malnourished or have low serum protein levels?
What will increasing oncotic pressure in the bloodstream do?
What will increasing oncotic pressure in the bloodstream do?
What is the relationship between oliguria and hypovolemia?
What is the relationship between oliguria and hypovolemia?
What happens to urine specific gravity in response to the kidneys' attempt to conserve water?
What happens to urine specific gravity in response to the kidneys' attempt to conserve water?
What effect does lack of ADH in diabetes insipidus have on urine water content and urine specific gravity?
What effect does lack of ADH in diabetes insipidus have on urine water content and urine specific gravity?
What is the result of aldosterone secretion when fluid volume is low?
What is the result of aldosterone secretion when fluid volume is low?
Why is skin turgor assessment not as valid in older adults for detecting fluid volume deficit?
Why is skin turgor assessment not as valid in older adults for detecting fluid volume deficit?
What should be considered when correcting fluid loss in patients with fluid volume deficit?
What should be considered when correcting fluid loss in patients with fluid volume deficit?
What type of electrolyte solution is preferred for hypotensive patients with fluid volume deficit to expand plasma volume?
What type of electrolyte solution is preferred for hypotensive patients with fluid volume deficit to expand plasma volume?
What are some clinical manifestations of fluid volume excess (FVE)?
What are some clinical manifestations of fluid volume excess (FVE)?
What is a useful laboratory data in diagnosing FVE?
What is a useful laboratory data in diagnosing FVE?
What is the management approach for FVE?
What is the management approach for FVE?
What do diuretics do in the management of FVE?
What do diuretics do in the management of FVE?
Which type of diuretics are prescribed for severe hypervolemia?
Which type of diuretics are prescribed for severe hypervolemia?
What electrolyte imbalances may result from diuretic side effects in FVE?
What electrolyte imbalances may result from diuretic side effects in FVE?
What is the nutritional therapy for FVE?
What is the nutritional therapy for FVE?
Study Notes
Management and Treatment of Fluid Volume Excess
- Clinical manifestations of fluid volume excess (FVE) include edema, distended jugular veins, and crackles in the lungs.
- Laboratory data useful in diagnosing FVE include decreased BUN and hematocrit levels due to plasma dilution.
- Chest x-ray may reveal pulmonary congestion in FVE.
- Management of FVE involves discontinuing excessive administration of sodium-containing fluids and administering diuretics while restricting fluids and sodium.
- Diuretics reduce sodium and water reabsorption at the nephron and enhance water loss via the kidneys.
- Thiazide diuretics are prescribed for mild to moderate hypervolemia, while loop diuretics are prescribed for severe hypervolemia.
- Electrolyte imbalances may result from diuretic side effects, including hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and decreased magnesium levels.
- Azotemia and high uric acid levels can occur in FVE, and if renal function is severely impaired, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis may be necessary.
- Nutritional therapy for FVE involves dietary restriction of sodium, with mild sodium-restricted diets allowing only light salting of food and avoidance of foods high in sodium.
- Sodium salt, rather than sodium itself, contributes to edema, so patients are instructed to read food labels carefully to determine salt content.
- Seasoning substitutes, such as lemon juice, onions, and garlic, can help decrease sodium intake, but caution is needed with salt substitutes containing potassium for patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics.
- Salt substitutes should not be used in conditions associated with potassium retention, such as advanced kidney disease.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the management and treatment of fluid volume excess (FVE) with this quiz. Explore clinical manifestations, laboratory data, chest x-ray findings, diuretic use, electrolyte imbalances, and nutritional therapy for FVE.
