Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements best explains why gases are more compressible than liquids?
Which of the following statements best explains why gases are more compressible than liquids?
- Gas particles are denser than liquid particles, allowing for greater compression.
- Gas particles have weaker intermolecular forces allowing them to be forced closer together. (correct)
- Gas particles are larger in size compared to liquid particles.
- Gas particles move slower than liquid particles, making them easier to compress.
In a closed hydraulic system, increasing the length of the conductors will always increase the pressure at the output.
In a closed hydraulic system, increasing the length of the conductors will always increase the pressure at the output.
False (B)
Explain how a pressure gauge functions in a fluid system, relating it to the fluids.
Explain how a pressure gauge functions in a fluid system, relating it to the fluids.
A pressure gauge measures the force exerted by a fluid over a specific area within the system, converting this force into a readable pressure value.
According to Pascal's Law, a force applied to a fluid is ______ through all parts of the fluid.
According to Pascal's Law, a force applied to a fluid is ______ through all parts of the fluid.
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
A device is designed to minimize the pressure exerted on a surface. Which design modification would be most effective?
A device is designed to minimize the pressure exerted on a surface. Which design modification would be most effective?
Atmospheric pressure increases as altitude increases because there is more air pressing down from above.
Atmospheric pressure increases as altitude increases because there is more air pressing down from above.
Explain why scuba divers need protective equipment when diving, with reference to pressure.
Explain why scuba divers need protective equipment when diving, with reference to pressure.
Why are pneumatic systems often preferred when a 'cushioning' effect is desired?
Why are pneumatic systems often preferred when a 'cushioning' effect is desired?
Increasing the volume of a closed fluid system will cause the temperature to increase.
Increasing the volume of a closed fluid system will cause the temperature to increase.
What is the primary function of valves in the circulatory system?
What is the primary function of valves in the circulatory system?
As the temperature of a fluid drops, its volume _________.
As the temperature of a fluid drops, its volume _________.
Match the following components with their roles in hydraulic/pneumatic systems:
Match the following components with their roles in hydraulic/pneumatic systems:
What is the main reason that heating an aerosol can is dangerous?
What is the main reason that heating an aerosol can is dangerous?
Arteries have thinner walls than veins because they experience less pressure.
Arteries have thinner walls than veins because they experience less pressure.
What type of system is the circulatory system?
What type of system is the circulatory system?
Machines like excavators use ______ to do work.
Machines like excavators use ______ to do work.
Which of the following is an advantage of using pneumatic systems compared to hydraulic systems?
Which of the following is an advantage of using pneumatic systems compared to hydraulic systems?
Flashcards
Compress
Compress
To pack closely together or squeeze materials into a smaller space.
Compressibility
Compressibility
The ability of a substance to be squeezed into a smaller volume.
Pneumatic System
Pneumatic System
A system that uses gases under pressure to operate.
Hydraulic System
Hydraulic System
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Pressure
Pressure
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Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric Pressure
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Pascal's Law
Pascal's Law
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Fluid Pressure
Fluid Pressure
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Effect of Pressure on Gas
Effect of Pressure on Gas
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Pressure and Volume Relationship
Pressure and Volume Relationship
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Thermal Expansion
Thermal Expansion
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Thermometers Principle
Thermometers Principle
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Valves in Circulatory System
Valves in Circulatory System
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Hydraulic Rams
Hydraulic Rams
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Aerosol Can Danger
Aerosol Can Danger
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Combination Systems
Combination Systems
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Study Notes
Fluid Systems
- Fluid Compression: Fluids, including air and water, flow when compressed or squeezed into a smaller space. Compressibility is the ability to occupy less volume. Gases are highly compressible since their particles are far apart. Liquids are less compressible; solids are almost incompressible.
Types of Fluid Systems
- Pneumatic Systems: Utilize gases under pressure.
- Hydraulic Systems: Employ liquids under pressure.
- Closed Systems: No material enters or leaves.
Fluid System Components
- Pump: Forces fluids throughout the system (can include cylinders/pistons).
- Conductors: Carry fluids (e.g., tubing, hoses, pipes).
- Valves: Control fluid flow direction and timing.
- Pressure Gauge: Monitors system pressure.
Pressure
- Definition: Force applied per unit area. Pressure (p) = force/area.
- Units: Pascals (Pa), where 1 Pa = 1 N/m².
- Pressure Increase/Decrease: Devices can be designed to increase or decrease pressure (e.g., thumbtacks, snow boots).
Air and Water Pressure
- Atmospheric Pressure: Force exerted by the atmosphere on a surface. Decreases with altitude due to less air above.
- Water Pressure: Water is denser than air; thus, exerts more pressure. Increased water depth increases pressure.
Pascal's Law
- Principle: Force applied to a confined fluid is distributed equally throughout the fluid.
Applying Pascal's Law
- Hydraulic Systems: Transfer force, controlling movement and force application (e.g., hydraulic brakes).
- Pneumatic Systems: Benefit from the compressibility of gases, often used for cushioning (e.g., vehicle doors).
Fluid Volume and Pressure
- Decreasing Fluid Volume: Decreasing volume increases particle collisions with the container, thus increasing pressure on the container walls. Containers must withstand the pressure.
- Temperature and Fluid Volume: Increasing temperature increases particle movement and therefore volume (expansion). Conversely, decreasing temperature decreases volume (contraction). This thermal expansion/contraction is used in thermometers.
Fluid Systems in Everyday Life & Applications
- Aerosol Cans: Increased temperature in pressurized containers increases pressure and particle speed, potentially causing explosions.
- Circulatory System: A closed hydraulic system. The heart (pump), arteries (high-pressure), veins (low-pressure, with valves) and blood (fluid), distribute blood throughout the body.
- Mechanical Systems: Many machines utilise hydraulic or pneumatic power (excavators, backhoes, fire hoses).
- Animals: Some animals employ hydraulic/pneumatic systems for movement (e.g., archer fish, hovercrafts).
Valves
- Function: Control the movement of fluids through tubes or pipes.
- Examples: In the circulatory system or engine components to direct fuel and exhaust.
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