Fluid Systems Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements best explains why gases are more compressible than liquids?

  • Gas particles are denser than liquid particles, allowing for greater compression.
  • Gas particles have weaker intermolecular forces allowing them to be forced closer together. (correct)
  • Gas particles are larger in size compared to liquid particles.
  • Gas particles move slower than liquid particles, making them easier to compress.

    • In a closed hydraulic system, increasing the length of the conductors will always increase the pressure at the output.

    False (B)

    Explain how a pressure gauge functions in a fluid system, relating it to the fluids.

    A pressure gauge measures the force exerted by a fluid over a specific area within the system, converting this force into a readable pressure value.

    According to Pascal's Law, a force applied to a fluid is ______ through all parts of the fluid.

    <p>distributed equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Compressibility = The ability of a substance to be reduced in volume when pressure is applied. Pneumatic System = A system that uses pressurized gases to transmit force. Hydraulic System = A system that uses pressurized liquids to transmit force. Pascal's Law = The principle stating that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A device is designed to minimize the pressure exerted on a surface. Which design modification would be most effective?

    <p>Increasing the contact area and decreasing the applied force. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atmospheric pressure increases as altitude increases because there is more air pressing down from above.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why scuba divers need protective equipment when diving, with reference to pressure.

    <p>Scuba divers require protective equipment because the pressure exerted by water increases with depth. This equipment helps to equalize the pressure and prevent injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are pneumatic systems often preferred when a 'cushioning' effect is desired?

    <p>Gases are much more compressible than liquids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increasing the volume of a closed fluid system will cause the temperature to increase.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of valves in the circulatory system?

    <p>prevent backflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As the temperature of a fluid drops, its volume _________.

    <p>decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their roles in hydraulic/pneumatic systems:

    <p>Pump = Provides the pressure to move fluid. Valve = Controls the direction and flow of fluid. Piston = Mechanical component moved by fluid pressure. Reservoir = Stores the hydraulic fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason that heating an aerosol can is dangerous?

    <p>The pressure inside the can increases, potentially causing an explosion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arteries have thinner walls than veins because they experience less pressure.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of system is the circulatory system?

    <p>closed hydraulic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Machines like excavators use ______ to do work.

    <p>hydraulic rams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of using pneumatic systems compared to hydraulic systems?

    <p>Pneumatic systems are more resistant to changes in temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Compress

    To pack closely together or squeeze materials into a smaller space.

    Compressibility

    The ability of a substance to be squeezed into a smaller volume.

    Pneumatic System

    A system that uses gases under pressure to operate.

    Hydraulic System

    A system that uses liquids under pressure to operate mechanisms.

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    Pressure

    The force applied to a unit of surface area.

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    Atmospheric Pressure

    The force exerted by the weight of the atmosphere on a unit surface area.

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    Pascal's Law

    A principle stating that a force applied to a fluid is distributed equally throughout the fluid.

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    Fluid Pressure

    The pressure exerted by fluids, including air and water, in different environments.

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    Effect of Pressure on Gas

    Increased pressure reduces gas volume significantly compared to liquids.

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    Pressure and Volume Relationship

    Increasing fluid pressure leads to decreased volume and increased collisions, raising pressure.

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    Thermal Expansion

    As temperature increases, particles in a fluid move faster and expand.

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    Thermometers Principle

    Use thermal expansion and contraction principles to measure temperature accurately.

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    Valves in Circulatory System

    Devices that control blood flow, preventing backflow in veins and regulating movement in the heart.

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    Hydraulic Rams

    Devices using a piston in a cylinder to create force by directing fluid pressure.

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    Aerosol Can Danger

    Heating increases gas particle movement, potentially causing can explosion due to raised pressure.

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    Combination Systems

    Systems that use both hydraulic fluid and pneumatic pressure for efficient movement.

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    Study Notes

    Fluid Systems

    • Fluid Compression: Fluids, including air and water, flow when compressed or squeezed into a smaller space. Compressibility is the ability to occupy less volume. Gases are highly compressible since their particles are far apart. Liquids are less compressible; solids are almost incompressible.

    Types of Fluid Systems

    • Pneumatic Systems: Utilize gases under pressure.
    • Hydraulic Systems: Employ liquids under pressure.
    • Closed Systems: No material enters or leaves.

    Fluid System Components

    • Pump: Forces fluids throughout the system (can include cylinders/pistons).
    • Conductors: Carry fluids (e.g., tubing, hoses, pipes).
    • Valves: Control fluid flow direction and timing.
    • Pressure Gauge: Monitors system pressure.

    Pressure

    • Definition: Force applied per unit area. Pressure (p) = force/area.
    • Units: Pascals (Pa), where 1 Pa = 1 N/m².
    • Pressure Increase/Decrease: Devices can be designed to increase or decrease pressure (e.g., thumbtacks, snow boots).

    Air and Water Pressure

    • Atmospheric Pressure: Force exerted by the atmosphere on a surface. Decreases with altitude due to less air above.
    • Water Pressure: Water is denser than air; thus, exerts more pressure. Increased water depth increases pressure.

    Pascal's Law

    • Principle: Force applied to a confined fluid is distributed equally throughout the fluid.

    Applying Pascal's Law

    • Hydraulic Systems: Transfer force, controlling movement and force application (e.g., hydraulic brakes).
    • Pneumatic Systems: Benefit from the compressibility of gases, often used for cushioning (e.g., vehicle doors).

    Fluid Volume and Pressure

    • Decreasing Fluid Volume: Decreasing volume increases particle collisions with the container, thus increasing pressure on the container walls. Containers must withstand the pressure.
    • Temperature and Fluid Volume: Increasing temperature increases particle movement and therefore volume (expansion). Conversely, decreasing temperature decreases volume (contraction). This thermal expansion/contraction is used in thermometers.

    Fluid Systems in Everyday Life & Applications

    • Aerosol Cans: Increased temperature in pressurized containers increases pressure and particle speed, potentially causing explosions.
    • Circulatory System: A closed hydraulic system. The heart (pump), arteries (high-pressure), veins (low-pressure, with valves) and blood (fluid), distribute blood throughout the body.
    • Mechanical Systems: Many machines utilise hydraulic or pneumatic power (excavators, backhoes, fire hoses).
    • Animals: Some animals employ hydraulic/pneumatic systems for movement (e.g., archer fish, hovercrafts).

    Valves

    • Function: Control the movement of fluids through tubes or pipes.
    • Examples: In the circulatory system or engine components to direct fuel and exhaust.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of fluid systems, including fluid compression, types of systems, and key components such as pumps and valves. Understand the principles of pressure and its significance in pneumatic and hydraulic systems.

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