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Fluid Mechanics Quiz
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Fluid Mechanics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a manometer?

  • To measure fluid velocity
  • To measure fluid density
  • To measure atmospheric pressure
  • To measure pressure differences (correct)
  • What is the mathematical representation of the force exerted by a fluid?

  • F = ρAv^2 (correct)
  • F = ρAv^3
  • F = ρAv^4
  • F = ρAv
  • What is the name of the device used to calculate fluid speed based on static and stagnation pressure?

  • Pitot-Static tube (correct)
  • Barometer
  • Manometer
  • Pitot tube
  • What is the flow regime characterized by a Reynolds number between 2300 and 4000?

    <p>Transitional flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a fluid?

    <p>A substance that deforms continuously under the application of a shear stress no matter how small the shear stress may be.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the law that states the pressure at a point in a fluid is independent of direction?

    <p>Pascal's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of major loss in a pipe system?

    <p>Head loss due to viscous effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental principle of Newtonian fluids?

    <p>The shearing stress is linearly related to the rate of shearing strain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the resultant force in the direction of the upstream velocity?

    <p>Drag force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the experimental observation that a fluid 'sticks' to solid boundaries?

    <p>No-slip condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the equation that relates the pressure, velocity, and elevation of a fluid?

    <p>Bernoulli's Equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of flow characterized by smooth layers of fluid particles?

    <p>Laminar flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the velocity of a fluid to the velocity of sound in that fluid?

    <p>Mach number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reciprocal of the density of a fluid?

    <p>Specific volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force exerted by a column of liquid?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a negative gage pressure?

    <p>Suction or vacuum pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fluid Mechanics

    • Fluid: a substance that deforms continuously under the application of a shear stress, no matter how small the shear stress may be.
    • Deals with the behavior of fluids at rest and in motion.
    • Basic laws:
      • Conservation of mass
      • Newton's second law of motion
      • Principle of angular momentum
      • First law of thermodynamics
      • Second law of thermodynamics

    Types of Fluids

    • Newtonian Fluids: fluids whose shearing stress is linearly related to the rate of shearing strain (common fluids).
    • Non-Newtonian Fluids: fluids whose shearing stress is not linearly related to the rate of shearing strain.
    • Compressible Fluids: fluids in which variations in density are negligible.
    • Incompressible Fluids: fluids in which variations in density are not negligible.
    • No-slip condition: fluid "sticks" to solid boundaries.

    Types of Flow

    • Laminar Flow: fluid particles move in smooth layers.
    • Turbulent Flow: fluid particles rapidly mix as they move along due to random three-dimensional velocity fluctuations.
    • Inviscid Flow: frictionless flow.
    • Viscous Flow: flow affected by friction.
    • Internal Flow: flow completely bounded by solid surfaces.
    • External Flow: flow over bodies submerged in an unbounded fluid.

    Fluid Compressibility

    • Mach Number: ratio of the velocity of a fluid to the velocity of sound in that fluid.

    Measures of Fluid Mass and Weight

    • Specific volume (𝜈): volume per unit mass and is therefore the reciprocal of the density.
    • Specific weight: weight per unit volume.
    • Specific gravity: ratio of the density of the fluid to the density of water at some specified temperature.

    Fluid Statics

    • Hydrostatic Pressure: pressure exerted by a column of liquid.
    • Buoyancy Force: resultant force acting on a submerged body.
    • Suction or Vacuum Pressure: negative gage pressure.

    Pressure Measurements

    • Measurement of atmospheric pressure is usually accomplished with a mercury barometer.
    • Manometry: standard technique for measuring pressure involves the use of liquid columns in vertical or inclined tubes.
    • Manometers: devices based on this technique.
      • Piezometer Tube
      • U-Tube Manometer
      • Inclined-Tube Manometer

    Archimedes' Principle and Pascal's Law

    • Archimedes' Principle: resultant fluid force acting on a body is called the buoyant force.
    • Pascal's Law: pressure at a point in a fluid at rest, or in motion, is independent of direction as long as there are no shearing stresses present.

    Fluid Dynamics

    • Bernoulli Equation: relates pressure, velocity, and elevation of a fluid.
      • Pressure Head
      • Velocity Head
      • Elevation Head

    Fluid Dynamics Measurements

    • Pitot-Static tube: device used to calculate the fluid speed based on static and stagnation pressure.

    Fluid Dynamics Applications

    • Free Jet velocity
    • Confined flow-Volume flowrate (e.g., pipes)
    • Mass flowrate
    • Force exerted by Fluid: 𝐹 = 𝜌𝐴𝑣2
    • Pipe Cross-section Area

    General Characteristics of Pipe Flow

    • Reynolds number: ratio of a fluid's inertial forces to its viscous forces.
      • Re < 2300: laminar flow
      • Re > 4000: turbulent flow
      • Re between 2300 and 4000: transitional flow

    Losses

    • Major Loss: overall head loss for the pipe system due to viscous effects in the straight pipes.
    • Minor Loss: head loss in the various pipe components.
    • K is the loss coefficient.
    • Drag Force: resultant force in the direction of the upstream velocity.
    • Lift Force: resultant force normal to the upstream velocity.

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    Test your knowledge of fluid mechanics, covering topics such as fluid behavior, laws, and principles. Learn about Newtonian fluids, conservation of mass, and thermodynamics.

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