Fluid Mechanics Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What determines the resistance to flow in a hydraulically smooth pipe?

Fluid density

Reynolds number (correct)

Fluid temperature

Particle size

For a particle B with a diameter of 20 microns settling in oil, what will its settling velocity be compared to particle A of 10 microns?

Half that of A

Same as that of A

Twice that of A

Four times that of A (correct)

Which statement regarding momentum transfer in laminar flow is correct?

It is independent of viscosity.

It results from velocity gradient. (correct)

It involves turbulent mixing.

It is dependent on temperature only.

What does a pitot static tube measure?

Difference in static and dynamic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid is characterized by a shearing stress that is proportional to the velocity gradient?

A Newtonian fluid Signup and view all the answers

What causes cavitation in fluid flow?

Total energy decreases Signup and view all the answers

What type of pump is classified as an axial flow pump?

Turbine pump Signup and view all the answers

What is the dimension of absolute viscosity?

MLT-1 Signup and view all the answers

What is an equivalent set of dimensions for viscosity?

FL-2T, ML-1T-1 Signup and view all the answers

Where does the line of action of the buoyant force pass through?

Displaced volume of the fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding shear stress at the pipe wall in laminar flow of Newtonian fluids is incorrect?

1:2:3 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to velocity when the cross-sectional area diminishes in subsonic flow in a converging nozzle?

Both (a) & (b) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the Mach number above 0.6 on the drag coefficient in compressible fluids?

Drag coefficient decreases Signup and view all the answers

For turbulent flow in a hydraulically smooth pipe, the friction factor depends on?

Only Reynolds number Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions is the pressure at a point in a viscous fluid not the same in all directions?

If the fluid is viscous and moving Signup and view all the answers

What pressure do manometers measure?

Vacuum as well as atmospheric pressure Signup and view all the answers

How does the boundary layer thickness change in laminar flow over a flat plate as distance from the leading edge increases?

Increases as the square root of d Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the nature of a fluid?

Is almost incompressible Signup and view all the answers

When is the pressure intensity in a fluid the same in all directions at a point?

Only when the fluid is at rest with zero velocity Signup and view all the answers

The line of action of the buoyant force acts through which of the following?

The centroid of the displaced volume of fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which law must always be followed by the flow of a fluid?

Newton's law of viscosity always holds true Signup and view all the answers

What is the dimension of surface tension?

ML-2 Signup and view all the answers

How does gradually varied flow in an open channel compare to uniform flow?

It is steady non-uniform flow Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure when a fluid is moving with zero shear stress?

The pressure is uniform throughout the fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is commonly used in pipes larger than 2 inches in diameter?

Gate valve Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of foot valves in the suction line of a centrifugal pump?

To avoid priming every time the pump is started Signup and view all the answers

How is an ideal fluid defined?

Frictionless and incompressible Signup and view all the answers

In an area meter like a rotameter, what happens to the pressure drop with an increase in fluid flow rate?

Pressure drop increases linearly Signup and view all the answers

What does the discharge through a venturimeter depend on?

None of these Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Stoke's law, how is the drag coefficient (CD) characterized?

It varies depending on fluid velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the S.I. unit of dynamic viscosity equal to?

N.second/m2 Signup and view all the answers

The distance between the metacentre and the __________ is referred to as the metacentric height.

Centre of gravity Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the coefficient of discharge, Cd, as the ratio of orifice diameter to pipe diameter (d/D) increases?

Cd will either increase or decrease, depending on other factors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flow is associated with fluid flowing at an increasing rate through a diverging pipe?

Non-steady non-uniform flow Signup and view all the answers

The energy equation, E = internal energy/mass, is applicable to which types of fluids?

All compressible fluids Signup and view all the answers

In isentropic flow, how does temperature relate to the Mach number?

Temperature does not depend on Mach number Signup and view all the answers

For a fluid element with velocity V = -y²xi + 2yx²j, what type of motion occurs at the point (1/2, 1)?

Irrotational and incompressible Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a check valve in a centrifugal pump?

To prevent liquid from backing up through the pump Signup and view all the answers

What does the drag force acting on a body depend upon?

Reynolds number and flow velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of fluid carrying capacity between two pipes with diameters d1 and d2?

Proportional to the ratio of diameters squared Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fluid Mechanics

Hydraulically smooth pipe resistance depends on Reynold's number.
Hydraulically rough pipe resistance depends on Reynold's number and surface roughness.
Pitot-static tube measures static, total and dynamic pressures.
Newtonion fluids have shearing stress proportional to velocity gradient.
Cavitation occurs when fluid velocity decreases to zero and total energy decreases.
Dimension of absolute viscosity is ML^-1T^-1
Pressure drag depends on the roughness of the surface, length of the body in flow direction and pressure of the main flow.
Momentum transfer in laminar flow is due to a velocity gradient.
A fluid in equilibrium is not free from shear stress.
The viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid is a function of temperature and shear rate.
Assuming no pressure losses at junctions, flow rates across three networks are related as Q1:Q2:Q3 = 1:2:2
Foot valves in a centrifugal pump prevent priming every time the pump starts

Fluid Properties

Viscosity is the resistance to flow.
Surface tension is the force per unit length acting along the surface of a liquid.
Bulk modulus of elasticity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to compression.
A fluid flows when a shear stress is applied, even if it is small.
Dimension of surface tension is ML^-1T^-2

Flow Characteristics

Steady flow implies that the flow parameters do not change with time.
Unsteady flow implies that the flow parameters change with time.
Uniform flow implies that the flow parameters are the same at all points in a cross-section.
Non-uniform flow implies that the flow parameters vary across a cross-section.
Laminar flow occurs at low Reynolds numbers, with smooth, parallel streamlines.
Turbulent flow occurs at high Reynolds numbers, with chaotic, irregular streamlines.
Boundary layer separation occurs when the flow separates from the surface of a body.
Friction factor for turbulent flow in a hydraulically smooth pipe depends only on Reynolds number.
For a given Reynold number as d/D for an orifice increases, Cd will either increase or decrease; depends on other factors.

Pumps and Flow Devices

Centrifugal pumps are axial flow pumps.
A check valve is used for unidirectional flow.
A globe valve is used for precise control of flow.
A gate valve is used for large diameter pipes greater than 2 inches.
A venturimeter measures the flow rate of a fluid based on the pressure difference between the throat and the inlet.

Ideal Fluid

An ideal fluid has zero viscosity, is incompressible, and follows Newton's laws of motion.

Buoyant Force

The buoyant force acts through the centroid of the displaced volume of fluid.

Miscellaneous

The distance between the metacenter and center of gravity is called metacentric height.
Drag force acting on a body depends on inertial forces, gravity forces and pressure of the main flow.
In a manometer set up, the pressure difference (PA-PB) depends on the densities of the fluids and the height difference of the columns.
In Stokes' law range, the drag coefficient (CD) is determined by the viscosity and particle size.

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Description

Test your knowledge on fluid mechanics concepts, including pipe resistance, pressure measurements, and fluid behavior. This quiz covers key topics such as Reynold's number, viscosity, and cavitation effects. Challenge yourself with questions related to both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.