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Questions and Answers
What is the study of fluid in motion called?
What does the law of conservation of mass state?
What is the law of conservation of energy related to?
What is the characteristic of a moving object that is related to its mass and velocity?
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What happens to energy in a chemical reaction?
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What is the concept of 'conservation' related to?
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What is the unit of momentum?
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Why is it harder to stop a car moving at 20 m/s compared to a baseball moving at the same speed?
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What determines the amount of momentum an object has?
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What is the principle that states that the total momentum of an isolated system stays constant?
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What type of flow is characterized by the movement of fluid along parallel stream lines with uniform flow velocities?
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What is the force that acts directly upon every element of the fluid?
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Study Notes
Fluid Mechanics
- Fluid mechanics is the study of fluids (liquids and gases) at rest or in motion.
- Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion, while fluid statics is the study of fluids at rest.
Conservation in Physical Science
- Conservation means saving resources and refers to the conditions before and after an event.
Law of Conservation of Mass
- Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; they only combine in different ways to form products.
- The total mass of the products is equal to the total mass of the reactants.
Law of Conservation of Energy
- Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another.
- Three statements summarize the law:
- Energy cannot be created.
- Energy cannot be destroyed.
- Energy can only be converted from one form to another.
Momentum
- Momentum is a characteristic of a moving object, related to its mass and velocity.
- Momentum (P) is calculated by multiplying mass (m) and velocity (v): P = m × v.
- The unit of momentum is kilogram-meters per second (kg × m/s).
- Momentum has both magnitude and direction, similar to velocity and acceleration.
- The more momentum an object has, the harder it is to stop.
- Both mass and velocity affect an object's momentum.
Conservation of Momentum
- The total momentum of an isolated system remains constant, meaning the total momentum before a collision equals the total momentum after a collision.
- In the absence of outside forces, the total momentum of interacting objects does not change.
Forces Acting on a Fluid
- Gravity is a body force that acts directly on every element of the fluid.
- Pressure is a force per unit area that acts perpendicular to the surface of the control volume.
- Viscous forces are shear stresses arising from the viscous nature of fluids and local gradients of velocity.
Fluid Flow
- Laminar flow is characterized by uniform flow velocities and parallel streamlines.
- Turbulent flow involves multiple directions and velocities, with different velocities in the Doppler curve.
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Description
Test your understanding of fluid mechanics, including fluid dynamics and statics, and the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions.
