Fluid Mechanics Quiz

Fluid Mechanics

• Fluid mechanics is the study of fluids (liquids and gases) at rest or in motion.
• Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion, while fluid statics is the study of fluids at rest.

Conservation in Physical Science

• Conservation means saving resources and refers to the conditions before and after an event.

Law of Conservation of Mass

• Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; they only combine in different ways to form products.
• The total mass of the products is equal to the total mass of the reactants.

Law of Conservation of Energy

• Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another.
• Three statements summarize the law:
  • Energy cannot be created.
  • Energy cannot be destroyed.
  • Energy can only be converted from one form to another.

Momentum

• Momentum is a characteristic of a moving object, related to its mass and velocity.
• Momentum (P) is calculated by multiplying mass (m) and velocity (v): P = m × v.
• The unit of momentum is kilogram-meters per second (kg × m/s).
• Momentum has both magnitude and direction, similar to velocity and acceleration.
• The more momentum an object has, the harder it is to stop.
• Both mass and velocity affect an object's momentum.

Conservation of Momentum

• The total momentum of an isolated system remains constant, meaning the total momentum before a collision equals the total momentum after a collision.
• In the absence of outside forces, the total momentum of interacting objects does not change.

Forces Acting on a Fluid

• Gravity is a body force that acts directly on every element of the fluid.
• Pressure is a force per unit area that acts perpendicular to the surface of the control volume.
• Viscous forces are shear stresses arising from the viscous nature of fluids and local gradients of velocity.

Fluid Flow

• Laminar flow is characterized by uniform flow velocities and parallel streamlines.
• Turbulent flow involves multiple directions and velocities, with different velocities in the Doppler curve.