Fluid Mechanics: Kinematics and Streamlines
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Questions and Answers

What branch of science deals with the motion of particles without considering the forces responsible for that motion?

  • Dynamics
  • Kinematics (correct)
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Thermodynamics

    • What does a stream line represent in a flow field?

  • The pressure distribution in the fluid
  • The viscosity of the fluid
  • The total flow rate of a fluid
  • The velocity vector direction at a point (correct)

    • How is the time taken by a fluid particle to move a distance 'ds' along a stream line expressed?

  • t = Vs/ds
  • t = ds/Vs (correct)
  • t = dy/Vs
  • t = dx/dy

    • What does a path line represent in fluid mechanics?

    <p>The trajectory of a single fluid particle over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a streak line in fluid mechanics?

    <p>A line connecting all particles passing through a fixed point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In steady flow, how do stream lines relate to path lines and streak lines?

    <p>They coincide with each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in unsteady flow concerning fluid particles and stream lines?

    <p>Fluid particles change stream lines over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of instantaneous stream lines, what happens in time-dependent flow?

    <p>Particles can change from one stream line to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes unsteady flow?

    <p>Fluid parameters such as velocity change with time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a stream tube?

    <p>A boundary surface formed by closed stream lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In laminar flow, how do fluid particles move?

    <p>Along defined paths in layers parallel to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of flow occurs when the density of fluid is not constant?

    <p>Compressible flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the rate of flow (discharge) for incompressible fluids expressed?

    <p>As the volume of liquid flowing per second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates rotational flow from irrotational flow?

    <p>Whether fluid particles rotate about their own axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of flow does the velocity vary significantly across three dimensions?

    <p>Three-dimensional flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines uniform flow in a fluid?

    <p>Velocity at a point does not vary with respect to space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Reynolds number related to flow types?

    <p>It determines whether the flow is laminar or turbulent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about steady flow?

    <p>Velocity and other parameters at a point remain constant over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a fluid particle moves along a stream line in unsteady non-uniform flow?

    <p>The fluid particle may change to another stream line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a streak line?

    <p>It is the path traced by dye or smoke in a fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a path line from a stream line?

    <p>Path lines represent the trajectory of individual particles over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario do stream lines, path lines, and streak lines coincide?

    <p>In steady and uniform flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the components of velocity and differential distance along a stream line?

    <p>The relationship is expressed as dx/u = dy/v = ds/w.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an instantaneous stream line in fluid motion?

    <p>It is fixed in space in time-independent motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of kinematics is essential for determining pressure distribution in a fluid?

    <p>The velocity at any point in the flow field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do stream lines indicate about fluid flow?

    <p>They show the instantaneous direction of fluid velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of steady flow?

    <p>Fluid characteristics do not change with time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes laminar flow from turbulent flow?

    <p>Laminar flow features parallel and smooth movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of fluid flow classifications, which type experiences a variation in velocity across space?

    <p>Non-uniform flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of a stream tube imply?

    <p>The bounding surface cannot be crossed by fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a fluid in compressible flow?

    <p>Density varies from point to point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is the Reynolds number critical for determining flow type?

    <p>When assessing laminar flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which flow is characterized by uniform velocity across its cross-section?

    <p>One-dimensional flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of irrotational flow?

    <p>Particles do not rotate about their own axes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the behavior of fluid particles in a zigzag pattern?

    <p>Turbulent flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes compressible fluid flow from incompressible fluid flow?

    <p>Compressible flow's density changes from point to point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Kinematics

    • Kinematics studies the motion of particles without considering the forces causing it.
    • Velocity determines pressure distribution and forces on a fluid.

    Streamlines

    • A streamline is an imaginary line in a flow field where the tangent represents velocity direction.
    • No flow occurs across a streamline.
    • The differential equation for a streamline is: dx/u = dy/v = ds/w, where u, v, w are velocity components and ds is a short distance along the streamline.

    Path Lines

    • A path line is the trajectory of a specific fluid particle.
    • It's the curve traced by a single particle as it moves through the flow.
    • Path lines can be different from streamlines in unsteady flows.

    Streak Lines

    • A streak line shows the path of fluid particles passing through a fixed point (marked with dye or smoke).
    • It connects all particles passing through that point
    • In steady flow, streamlines, path lines, and streak lines coincide.

    Instantaneous Streamlines

    • Instantaneous streamlines represent the location of streamlines at a particular instant in time.
    • In time-dependent flows, streamlines change with time.

    Stream Tubes

    • Streamlines forming a closed curve create a stream tube.
    • Fluid cannot cross the stream tube's boundary.
    • Fluid entering and leaving a stream tube must be equal.
    • Streamtubes are assumed to have a uniform velocity.

    Flow Classifications

    • Steady/Unsteady:
      • Steady flow: fluid properties at a point don't change with time (dv/dt = 0, dp/dt = 0, dρ/dt = 0).
      • Unsteady flow: fluid properties change with time (dv/dt ≠ 0, dp/dt ≠ 0, dρ/dt ≠ 0).
    • Uniform/Non-uniform:
      • Uniform flow: velocity at a given time doesn't change with space.
    • Laminar/Turbulent:
      • Laminar flow: smooth, layer-like movement along streamlines.
      • Turbulent flow: zigzag movement, eddies, and high energy loss. Reynolds number (VD/v) determines type, for pipe flow.
    • Compressible/Incompressible:
      • Compressible flow: fluid density changes (ρ ≠ Constant).
      • Incompressible flow: fluid density is constant (ρ = Constant). Liquids are generally incompressible; gases are compressible.
    • Rotational/Irrotational:
      • Rotational flow: fluid particles rotate.
      • Irrotational flow: no particle rotation.
    • One, Two, Three-Dimensional:
      • One-dimensional: flow parameters are functions of time and one spatial coordinate.
      • Two-dimensional: flow parameters are functions of time and two spatial coordinates.
      • Three-dimensional: flow parameters are functions of time and three spatial coordinates.

    Discharge (Rate of Flow)

    • Discharge (Q) is the fluid quantity flowing per second.
    • For liquids, units are m³/s or L/s.
    • For gases, units are kgf/s or N/s.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts in fluid mechanics, focusing on kinematics, streamlines, path lines, and streak lines. It explores how these elements describe fluid motion and the relationships between different types of lines in flow fields. Test your understanding of these key topics in the context of fluid dynamics.

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