Questions and Answers
What is the optimum filling ratio for an agitated vertical cylindrical reaction vessel?
Which statement about the Ponchon Savarit method is incorrect?
In the context of packed absorption towers, how is pressure drop (Δp) correlated with superficial gas mass velocity (G) in the preloading range?
What is a common filling ratio recommended for dispersing gas in a liquid?
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Which statement regarding the agitation efficiency of vessel bottoms is true?
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Which of the following options represents a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by McCabe-Thiele's method?
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Which equation can be used to estimate overall distillation column efficiency given that the relative volatility is less than 4?
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What is the minimum storage capacity required for underground liquid/petroleum fuel storage tanks?
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What does a 25 percent cut segmental baffle indicate regarding its dimensions?
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For a fully open globe valve, which of the following values may typically be observed?
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Study Notes
Fluid Leakage Prevention
- Prevention strategies target minimizing fluid leakage around moving parts in valves and equipment.
- Methods include facilitating smooth valve operation and using static submergence techniques.
- Key goal: reduce resistance to fluid flow to ensure efficiency.
Packed Absorption Tower Dynamics
- Pressure drop (Δp) and superficial gas mass velocity (G) are interrelated during preloading operations.
- Possible relationships include:
- Δp = G
- Δp = G^0.5
- Δp = G^2
- Understanding these relationships aids in optimizing tower performance.
Ponchon Savarit Method
- Utilizes enthalpy concentration diagrams for distillation processes.
- Key features of the diagram include:
- Bubble point curves (saturated liquid) and dew point curves (saturated vapor).
- Equilibrium tie lines for improved accuracy.
- Advantages over McCabe-Thiele method:
- Accurate equilibrium stage determination.
- Accounts for enthalpy changes.
- Direct heat load calculations for reboiler and condenser.
Agitated Reaction Vessels
- In vertical cylindrical reactors, optimal liquid depth to tank diameter ratio is suggested to be 1.
- For gas dispersion, a filling ratio of approximately 2 is advised for effective contact.
- Efficiency considerations:
- Conical and flat-bottom vessels exhibit lower agitation efficiency, especially with heavy solids.
Distillation Column Efficiency
- Overall efficiency formulas provided for refinery columns considering viscosity (μ):
- η = 17 - 61.1 log μ
- η = 1.66 - 0.25 log μ
- η = 0.25 log μ - 1.67
- Important for assessing column performance and product yield.
Storage Tank Regulations
- Underground storage tanks for petroleum are preferred when capacity is below specific thresholds:
- Options available: 20, 30, 45, or 85 kilolitres.
Valve Design Considerations
- Fully open globe valves can have pressure drops around specified values (e.g., 10, 25, 55 psi).
- Design choice impacts flow characteristics and performance.
Pressure Resistance in Equipment
- Conical bottom heads in chemical equipment typically have apex angles of:
- Common angles include 20° and 40°.
- Choice of head design affects pressure resistance in storage and processing vessels.
Laminar Flow Optimization
- For laminar flow (NRe < 2100) in steel pipes, optimum diameter is calculated using formulas dependent on flow rates and fluid properties.
- Example formula: Di,opt = 3 Q^0.36 ρ^0.18 for flow optimization.
HETP in Distillation Processes
- Height Equivalent to a Theoretical Plate (HETP) characterizes separation efficiency in gas-liquid mass transfer processes.
- HETP measurements are critical for evaluating packing effectiveness in different operations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on fluid leakage prevention, theoretical plates, and the Ponchon-Savarit method in packed absorption towers. This quiz covers concepts such as pressure drop, vapour velocity, and weir length calculations essential for engineers. Challenge yourself with a mix of theoretical and practical applications.
