Fluid Distribution and Osmotic Pressure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

According to the text, what percentage of body weight is water in obese individuals?

  • 60%
  • 70%
  • 80%
  • 50% (correct)

Based on the information provided, what percentage of body weight is water in very slim people?

  • 50%
  • 60%
  • 70% (correct)
  • 80%

According to the text, what percentage of body weight is water in newborns?

  • 80% (correct)
  • 50%
  • 70%
  • 60%

Based on the information provided, what percentage of body weight is plasma in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

<p>5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the total body water (TBW) in a 70 Kg person?

<p>42 Kg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, how much water is located inside the cytoplasm of the cells in a 70 Kg person?

<p>16 Kg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the percentage of body weight that transcellular fluid constitutes?

<p>1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two factors determine the distribution of fluids between ICF and the vascular and extravascular parts of ECF?

<p>Osmolality and osmotic pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the osmolality range that is maintained on both sides of the cell membrane?

<p>275‐295mosm/kg or mmol/kg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between solute and salt?

<p>Solute refers to any type of substance that has been dissolved in another substance, while salt is a substance that can ionize in water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of osmotic pressure called?

<p>Tonicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

<p>It shrinks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating calculated osmolality (CO) in mmol/L or mEq/L?

<p>sodium + glucose/18 + urea/2.8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the difference between measured osmolality (MO) and calculated osmolality (CO)?

<p>Osmolal gap (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about sodium's role in the body?

<p>Sodium plays a key role in normal nerve and muscle function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump?

<p>Generating heat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between consuming too much sodium and blood pressure?

<p>Consuming too much sodium can lead to higher blood pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

<p>The movement of solute molecules from high to low concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is osmosis?

<p>The movement of water across a partially permeable membrane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is osmotic pressure?

<p>The pressure required to stop water from diffusing through a barrier by osmosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are osmotically effective solutes?

<p>Solutes that exert an osmotic force for water movement between fluid compartments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible cause for a gap between calculated osmolality (CO) and normal blood osmolality exceeding 15?

<p>Intoxication by alcohols (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum difference between calculated osmolality (CO) and normal blood osmolality in a healthy individual?

<p>15 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can be detected using the osmolality gap?

<p>Ketoacidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible cause of a gap between calculated osmolality (CO) and normal blood osmolality exceeding 15 in the presence of bacterial infection?

<p>L‐lactic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible cause of a gap between calculated osmolality (CO) and normal blood osmolality exceeding 15 in the presence of hypoxia?

<p>L‐lactic acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible cause of a gap between calculated osmolality (CO) and normal blood osmolality exceeding 15 in the presence of ethylene glycol intoxication?

<p>D‐lactic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions cannot be detected using the osmolality gap?

<p>Renal failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible cause of a gap between calculated osmolality (CO) and normal blood osmolality exceeding 15 in the presence of renal tubular acidosis?

<p>Ketoacidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible cause of a gap between calculated osmolality (CO) and normal blood osmolality exceeding 15 in the presence of renal failure?

<p>Ketoacidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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