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Questions and Answers
What is the normal percentage of total body weight represented by fluid in an adult female?
Which term describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?
What primarily determines the movement of water and cell size across the cell membrane?
What percentage of body weight does fluid represent in a newborn infant?
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Which of the following particles accounts for 90%-95% of osmotic pressure in the body?
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Study Notes
Fluid Balance and Imbalance
- Understanding fluid compartments is crucial: Intracellular fluid (ICF) is found within cells, while Extracellular fluid (ECF) surrounds them.
- Interstitial fluid exists between cells and outside of blood vessels, contributing to ECF.
- Intravascular fluid refers specifically to blood plasma, a key component of ECF.
Normal Fluid Distribution
- Total body fluid percentage varies by age/gender:
- Newborn infants: 75%-80% of total body weight.
- Adult males: 55%-60%.
- Adult females: 50%-55%.
Mechanisms of Fluid Movement
- Fluid movement is primarily governed by osmosis and tonicity.
- Osmosis: refers to the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane, essential for maintaining balance.
- Osmotic pressure: the pressure required to stop water from moving across a membrane, vital for fluid homeostasis.
Tonicity and its Effects
- Tonicity: the concentration of solutes in two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane, influences fluid movement.
- Tonicity determines how water moves into or out of cells, affecting their size and function.
Key Osmotically Active Particles
- Important particles contributing to osmotic pressure include:
- Na+ (sodium)
- Cl- (chloride)
- HCO3- (bicarbonate)
- Together, these ions account for 90%-95% of overall osmotic pressure.
- Other significant contributors: glucose and blood urea, both of which impact fluid balance in the body.
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Description
Test your knowledge on fluid balance and the different types of body fluids, including intracellular and extracellular fluid. This quiz covers normal percentages of body weight related to fluid composition and the concepts of osmosis and tonicity. Perfect for students in health sciences.
