Fluid Balance and Electrolyte Management
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of maintaining fluid balance in the body?

  • To maintain blood volume, blood pressure, and tissue perfusion (correct)
  • To promote electrolyte imbalance
  • To increase urine output
  • To regulate body temperature

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of hypokalemia?

  • Muscle cramps, twitching, and tetany
  • Thirst, dry mouth, and seizures
  • Headache, nausea, and seizures
  • Cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness (correct)

    • What type of IV fluid is 0.45% saline?

  • Hypotonic (correct)
  • Electrolyte-rich
  • Isotonic
  • Hypertonic

    • What is a contraindication for IV fluid administration?

    <p>Fluid overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical sign of dehydration?

    <p>Dry mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory test is used to assess dehydration?

    <p>Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification for a 7% fluid loss?

    <p>Moderate dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for IV fluid administration?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the osmolarity range for isotonic IV fluids?

    <p>280-300 mOsm/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fluid Balance

    • Input: Fluid intake from oral/parenteral sources, hormonal regulation
    • Output: Urine, feces, sweat, insensible losses (breathing, skin)
    • Balance: Input = Output; maintains blood volume, blood pressure, and tissue perfusion

    Electrolyte Imbalance

    • Hypokalemia (K+ < 3.5 mmol/L): muscle weakness, fatigue, cardiac arrhythmias
    • Hyperkalemia (K+ > 5.5 mmol/L): cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness
    • Hyponatremia (Na+ < 135 mmol/L): headache, nausea, seizures
    • Hypernatremia (Na+ > 145 mmol/L): thirst, dry mouth, seizures
    • Hypocalcemia (Ca2+ < 2.2 mmol/L): muscle cramps, twitching, tetany
    • Hypercalcemia (Ca2+ > 2.6 mmol/L): muscle weakness, polyuria, kidney stones

    IV Fluid Administration

    • Types of IV Fluids:
      • Isotonic (280-300 mOsm/L): normal saline, lactated Ringer's
      • Hypotonic (< 280 mOsm/L): 0.45% saline, 2.5% dextrose
      • Hypertonic (> 300 mOsm/L): 3% saline, 7.5% dextrose
    • Indications:
      • Dehydration
      • Hypovolemic shock
      • Electrolyte imbalance
      • Medication administration
    • Contraindications:
      • Fluid overload
      • Heart failure
      • Pulmonary edema

    Dehydration Assessment

    • Clinical Signs:
      • Dry mucous membranes
      • Decreased skin turgor
      • Decreased urine output
      • Sunken eyes
      • Thirst
    • Laboratory Tests:
      • Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
      • Urine specific gravity
      • Serum osmolality
    • Dehydration Classification:
      • Mild: 3-5% fluid loss
      • Moderate: 5-10% fluid loss
      • Severe: >10% fluid loss

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of fluid balance, electrolyte imbalance, IV fluid administration, and dehydration assessment. Learn to identify and manage different types of fluid and electrolyte disorders.

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