Podcast
Questions and Answers
A patient's blood work indicates a significantly elevated level of sodium ions ($Na^+$) in the extracellular fluid (ECF). Which of the following scenarios is the MOST likely direct consequence of this electrolyte imbalance?
A patient's blood work indicates a significantly elevated level of sodium ions ($Na^+$) in the extracellular fluid (ECF). Which of the following scenarios is the MOST likely direct consequence of this electrolyte imbalance?
- Decreased chloride concentration in the ECF to maintain electrical neutrality.
- Shift of phosphate ions from the ECF to the ICF driven by electrical attraction.
- Increased potassium concentration within cells due to simultaneous movement of sodium out of cells.
- Fluid shift from the intracellular space to the extracellular space, potentially leading to cellular dehydration. (correct)
A scientist is studying a cell in a solution. They observe that the cell begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which of the following best describes the solution the cell was placed in?
A scientist is studying a cell in a solution. They observe that the cell begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which of the following best describes the solution the cell was placed in?
- Hypotonic (correct)
- Isotonic
- Hypertonic
- Homeostatic
If a researcher adds a substance to pure water and the pH decreases to 3, what effect does the introduction of this substance have on $H^+$ and $OH^-$ concentrations?
If a researcher adds a substance to pure water and the pH decreases to 3, what effect does the introduction of this substance have on $H^+$ and $OH^-$ concentrations?
- Decreases both $H^+$ and $OH^-$ concentrations.
- Increases $OH^-$ concentration and decreases $H^+$ concentration.
- Increases $H^+$ concentration and decreases $OH^-$ concentration. (correct)
- Increases both $H^+$ and $OH^-$ concentrations.
A patient is severely dehydrated. Considering the distribution of body fluids, what proportional change would you expect to see?
A patient is severely dehydrated. Considering the distribution of body fluids, what proportional change would you expect to see?
Which of the following statements correctly relates a specific ion to its primary location within body fluids?
Which of the following statements correctly relates a specific ion to its primary location within body fluids?
Flashcards
What is a solution?
What is a solution?
A mixture where solutes are dispersed in a solvent.
Isotonic Solution
Isotonic Solution
The solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell.
Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
The solute concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell.
Hypotonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the pH scale?
What is the pH scale?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- A solution involves one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.
Isotonic Solution
- Solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell.
Hypertonic Solution
- Solute concentration outside the cell exceeds that inside the cell.
Hypotonic Solution
- Solute concentration outside the cell is lower than inside the cell.
Body Fluids
- Body fluids constitute 60% of total body weight.
- Intracellular fluid (ICF) makes up 2/3 of body fluids, about 40% of body weight.
- Extracellular fluid (ECF) accounts for 1/3 of body fluids, approximately 20% of body weight.
- Interstitial fluid comprises ¾ of ECF, about 15% of body weight.
- Plasma makes up ¼ of ECF, around 5% of body weight, also known as intravascular fluid.
Electrolytes
- In ECF, sodium (Na+) is the primary cation.
- In ECF, chloride is the main anion.
- In ICF, potassium (K+) is the main cation.
- In ICF, phosphate is the main anion.
pH Scale
- Used to measure the alkalinity or acidity of a solution.
- It is based on the hydrogen ion concentration.
- The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
- Pure water has a neutral pH of 7.
- Substances dissolving in water can create acids, bases, or salts.
Acids
- Acids have a pH less than 7 and release hydrogen ions.
Bases
- Bases have a pH greater than 7 and release hydroxyl ions.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions and their effects on cells. Learn about body fluids distribution, including intracellular and extracellular fluid. Understand electrolyte balance, including the roles of sodium, chloride, potassium, and phosphate ions; also explores the pH scale.
