Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which medication is contraindicated for patients taking birth control?
Which medication is contraindicated for patients taking birth control?
Sildenafil is a medication that directly causes an erection.
Sildenafil is a medication that directly causes an erection.
False
What condition is Finasteride primarily used to treat?
What condition is Finasteride primarily used to treat?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Conjugated Estrogen can pose a risk of __________ in women over 35.
Conjugated Estrogen can pose a risk of __________ in women over 35.
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Match the following drugs with their primary uses:
Match the following drugs with their primary uses:
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What is a common side effect of Finasteride?
What is a common side effect of Finasteride?
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Testosterone can be used to reduce tumor size in breast cancer.
Testosterone can be used to reduce tumor size in breast cancer.
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What should patients using Finasteride be informed about regarding blood donations?
What should patients using Finasteride be informed about regarding blood donations?
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Patients using Conjugated Estrogen should avoid __________ if they smoke.
Patients using Conjugated Estrogen should avoid __________ if they smoke.
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What is the primary treatment purpose of isotonic solutions?
What is the primary treatment purpose of isotonic solutions?
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Hyperkalemia can be treated with IV Insulin and Dextrose only if the patient has heart problems.
Hyperkalemia can be treated with IV Insulin and Dextrose only if the patient has heart problems.
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What medication is contraindicated for use in patients with liver failure?
What medication is contraindicated for use in patients with liver failure?
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_________ is used to treat acidosis and can cause metabolic alkalosis as a side effect.
_________ is used to treat acidosis and can cause metabolic alkalosis as a side effect.
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Match the following solutions with their primary usage:
Match the following solutions with their primary usage:
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Which of the following is an example of a hypertonic solution?
Which of the following is an example of a hypertonic solution?
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Misoprostol is used to inhibit gastric acid production.
Misoprostol is used to inhibit gastric acid production.
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What is the primary purpose of TPN and what is a critical nursing intervention associated with it?
What is the primary purpose of TPN and what is a critical nursing intervention associated with it?
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Ondansetron (Zofran) should be given _______ to help manage nausea.
Ondansetron (Zofran) should be given _______ to help manage nausea.
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What potential side effect can result from long-term use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?
What potential side effect can result from long-term use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?
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What is a potential side effect of Conjugated Estrogen?
What is a potential side effect of Conjugated Estrogen?
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Finasteride is indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Finasteride is indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
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What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Finasteride?
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Finasteride?
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Sildenafil is contraindicated in patients using __________.
Sildenafil is contraindicated in patients using __________.
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What should patients be informed about when using Testosterone therapy?
What should patients be informed about when using Testosterone therapy?
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Patients taking HRT should not be concerned about developing breast cancer.
Patients taking HRT should not be concerned about developing breast cancer.
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What is the main use of Sildenafil?
What is the main use of Sildenafil?
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Conjugated Estrogen should not be given to women who have __________.
Conjugated Estrogen should not be given to women who have __________.
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Match the medications with their contraindications:
Match the medications with their contraindications:
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Which of the following is a side effect of Finasteride?
Which of the following is a side effect of Finasteride?
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What is the primary treatment purpose of hypotonic solutions?
What is the primary treatment purpose of hypotonic solutions?
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Crystalloid solutions contain plasma proteins that keep fluid in the vessels.
Crystalloid solutions contain plasma proteins that keep fluid in the vessels.
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What is the effect of using sodium bicarbonate in treatment?
What is the effect of using sodium bicarbonate in treatment?
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Hypertonic solutions are used to treat __________ due to brain swelling.
Hypertonic solutions are used to treat __________ due to brain swelling.
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Match the following medications with their use:
Match the following medications with their use:
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Which of the following solutions is known to provide temporary relief for heartburn?
Which of the following solutions is known to provide temporary relief for heartburn?
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Isotonic solutions cause a fluid shift between blood vessels and cells.
Isotonic solutions cause a fluid shift between blood vessels and cells.
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What should be monitored every 2 hours in patients being treated for hyponatremia?
What should be monitored every 2 hours in patients being treated for hyponatremia?
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Oxytocin is used to regulate __________ during labor.
Oxytocin is used to regulate __________ during labor.
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Which medication's long-term use may cause osteoporosis?
Which medication's long-term use may cause osteoporosis?
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What is the primary mechanism of action (MOA) of crystalloid solutions?
What is the primary mechanism of action (MOA) of crystalloid solutions?
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Isotonic solutions cause a significant fluid shift between blood vessels and cells.
Isotonic solutions cause a significant fluid shift between blood vessels and cells.
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What is the treatment used for hypernatremia?
What is the treatment used for hypernatremia?
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Calcium gluconate is used to treat __________ in patients with cardiovascular problems.
Calcium gluconate is used to treat __________ in patients with cardiovascular problems.
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What is the mode of action for Sodium Bicarbonate?
What is the mode of action for Sodium Bicarbonate?
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Match the following medications to their primary treatment:
Match the following medications to their primary treatment:
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Oxytocin is used to delay contractions during labor.
Oxytocin is used to delay contractions during labor.
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Which solution is primarily used to treat dehydration resulting from vomiting?
Which solution is primarily used to treat dehydration resulting from vomiting?
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_________ is a side effect associated with long-term use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs).
_________ is a side effect associated with long-term use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs).
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What is the main use of 3% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) regarding hyponatremia?
What is the main use of 3% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) regarding hyponatremia?
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What is a potential adverse effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)?
What is a potential adverse effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)?
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Conjugated Estrogen is safe for all women regardless of age or health history.
Conjugated Estrogen is safe for all women regardless of age or health history.
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What class of medication is Finasteride?
What class of medication is Finasteride?
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Sildenafil is primarily used to treat __________.
Sildenafil is primarily used to treat __________.
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Match the medications with their treatment purposes:
Match the medications with their treatment purposes:
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Which of the following is true about Finasteride's side effects?
Which of the following is true about Finasteride's side effects?
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You can use Finasteride and donate blood after a short duration.
You can use Finasteride and donate blood after a short duration.
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What should patients using Sildenafil be taught about its function?
What should patients using Sildenafil be taught about its function?
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Patients taking Conjugated Estrogen should avoid __________ if they smoke.
Patients taking Conjugated Estrogen should avoid __________ if they smoke.
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What condition is Testosterone used to treat?
What condition is Testosterone used to treat?
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What is the primary treatment purpose of hypotonic solutions?
What is the primary treatment purpose of hypotonic solutions?
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Antacids provide permanent relief from heartburn.
Antacids provide permanent relief from heartburn.
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What should be monitored every 6 hours in patients receiving TPN?
What should be monitored every 6 hours in patients receiving TPN?
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3% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is used to treat __________.
3% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is used to treat __________.
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Match the following solutions with their primary purposes:
Match the following solutions with their primary purposes:
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Which medication should not be pushed to avoid cardiac arrest?
Which medication should not be pushed to avoid cardiac arrest?
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Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are effective immediately after administration.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are effective immediately after administration.
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What condition does magnesium sulfate help to delay?
What condition does magnesium sulfate help to delay?
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Bismuth Salicylate helps to __________ and eliminate toxins.
Bismuth Salicylate helps to __________ and eliminate toxins.
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What is the mechanism of action for Sodium Bicarbonate?
What is the mechanism of action for Sodium Bicarbonate?
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What is a potential side effect of Conjugated Estrogen?
What is a potential side effect of Conjugated Estrogen?
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Finasteride can be used by pregnant women.
Finasteride can be used by pregnant women.
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What is the main class of Sildenafil?
What is the main class of Sildenafil?
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Finasteride promotes shrinkage of the __________.
Finasteride promotes shrinkage of the __________.
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Match the medications with their treatments:
Match the medications with their treatments:
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Which of the following medications is contraindicated with the use of nitrates?
Which of the following medications is contraindicated with the use of nitrates?
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Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can lead to dementia as a potential adverse effect.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can lead to dementia as a potential adverse effect.
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What teaching should be provided to patients taking Finasteride regarding blood donations?
What teaching should be provided to patients taking Finasteride regarding blood donations?
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Testosterone should have its patch site __________.
Testosterone should have its patch site __________.
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Which of the following is a contraindication for Conjugated Estrogen?
Which of the following is a contraindication for Conjugated Estrogen?
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Study Notes
Colloid Solutions
- Indicated for treatment of hypovolemic shock due to burns.
- Mechanism of action involves plasma proteins that maintain fluid within blood vessels.
- Example includes Lactated Ringers solution.
Crystalloid Solutions
- Primarily used for fluid replacement.
- Contains electrolytes that mimic extracellular fluid composition.
Hypotonic Solutions
- Utilized in treating hypernatremia.
- Mechanism shifts fluid from blood vessels into cells.
Hypertonic Solutions
- Effective for managing brain swelling.
- Mechanism shifts fluid from cells into blood vessels.
- Examples: 3% hypertonic saline and D5 NS (5% dextrose, 0.9% NS).
Isotonic Solutions
- Recommended for dehydration, such as from vomiting.
- Maintains vascular expansion without causing fluid shifts.
Sodium Bicarbonate
- Used for treating acidosis.
- Potential adverse effects include metabolic alkalosis, leading to muscle weakness, spasms, numbness, and irritability.
Hyponatremia
- Treated with 3% sodium chloride.
- Nursing intervention includes monitoring sodium levels every 2 hours for gradual increase.
Hyperkalemia
- If no cardiac issues, treatment may involve IV insulin with dextrose.
- If cardiac issues are present, calcium gluconate is preferred.
- For slightly elevated potassium levels (5.5-5.7), Polystyrene Sulfonate (Kayexelate) is administered orally or as a laxative.
Hypokalemia
- Potassium should never be administered as a push; instead, a piggyback method is advised to minimize pain.
Dextran 40
- Indicated for fluid volume excess.
- Side effects include tachycardia and dyspnea.
Bolus Administration
- Monitor closely for fluid volume overload.
- Nursing intervention includes assessing lung sounds before, during, and after administration.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
- Requires central line for administration.
- Tubing must be changed every 24 hours and removed from refrigeration 30 minutes prior to administration.
- Blood glucose should be checked every 6 hours.
Enteral Feedings
- Key concern is ensuring patients receive adequate water supplementation.
Vitamin A
- Excessive intake can lead to fetal malformations; pregnancy tests (HCG) are necessary before administration.
Folic Acid (B9)
- Effective treatment for alcoholism and used as a supplement during pregnancy.
Ondansetron (Zofran)
- Administer before potential nausea triggers.
- Monitor for constipation and possible dysrhythmias.
Bismuth Salicylate (Pepto Bismol)
- Mechanism involves binding to and eliminating toxins.
H2 Receptor Agonists
- Used for treating ulcers, including dental.
- Reduces stomach acid production but ineffective if taken with antacids.
Antacids
- Provide temporary relief for heartburn.
- Neutralizes gastric acid, changing stomach pH with onset of effects in 20-40 minutes.
- Example: Calcium bicarbonate (Tums).
Sucralfate
- Treatment and prevention of duodenal ulcers.
- Coats stomach lining and heals gastric erosions; should be taken before meals.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD).
- Mechanism inhibits gastric acid-generating enzyme; effects may take 4-8 weeks.
- Long-term use risks include osteoporosis.
Sulfasalazine
- Indicated for ulcerative colitis.
- Adverse effects include hepatotoxicity; contraindicated for patients with liver failure.
Psyllium Mucilloid
- First-line laxative for constipation and cholesterol management.
- Takes several days to work; advises increased fluid intake.
Stool Softeners
- Mechanism increases water absorption in the stool.
Methylnaltrexone
- Used for opioid-induced constipation; acts as a stimulant laxative.
Emergency Contraceptive
- Aimed at preventing pregnancy based on timing after intercourse.
- Works by preventing implantation; not effective for abortion.
Tocolytics
- Used to delay premature labor for 24-72 hours, allowing time for surfactant administration.
- Examples include Terbutaline (asthma treatment), Nifedipine (blood pressure), and Magnesium sulfate.
- Signs of overdose include skin flushing; early signs include decreased deep tendon reflexes (DTR).
Oxytocin
- Regulates uterine contractions, aiding in maternal and fetal rest.
- Also used to control postpartum bleeding; normalizes contractions but can cause rapid, painful contractions (tachysystole).
Misoprostol
- Used for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and in abortion procedures.
- Inhibits gastric acid production and promotes mucus production.
Norethindrone
- An oral contraceptive; teaching emphasizes taking at the same time daily.
- Side effects may include photosensitivity.
Medroxyprogesterone
- Long-term birth control option, administered IM every 3 months.
- Teaching includes avoiding St. John’s Wort.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
- Utilized for menopausal symptoms.
- Adverse effects include increased risks of breast cancer, dementia, DVT, and myocardial infarction (MI).
- Contraindicated for those on birth control or with seizure history.
Finasteride
- Classified as a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
- Promotes prostate shrinkage; side effects include sexual dysfunction, headache, and dizziness.
- Risks include prohibiting blood donations and use by pregnant women.
Conjugated Estrogen
- Used for alleviating menopause symptoms.
- Risk of thromboembolic events increased in women over 35, particularly with a history of abnormal uterine bleeding or smoking.
Sildenafil
- Prescribed for erectile dysfunction.
- Contraindicated in patients taking nitrates or with cardiac issues; it enhances but does not directly cause erection.
Testosterone
- Administered to reduce tumor size in breast cancer.
- Patient teaching includes rotating patch sites for transdermal delivery.
Colloid Solutions
- Indicated for treatment of hypovolemic shock due to burns.
- Mechanism of action involves plasma proteins that maintain fluid within blood vessels.
- Example includes Lactated Ringers solution.
Crystalloid Solutions
- Primarily used for fluid replacement.
- Contains electrolytes that mimic extracellular fluid composition.
Hypotonic Solutions
- Utilized in treating hypernatremia.
- Mechanism shifts fluid from blood vessels into cells.
Hypertonic Solutions
- Effective for managing brain swelling.
- Mechanism shifts fluid from cells into blood vessels.
- Examples: 3% hypertonic saline and D5 NS (5% dextrose, 0.9% NS).
Isotonic Solutions
- Recommended for dehydration, such as from vomiting.
- Maintains vascular expansion without causing fluid shifts.
Sodium Bicarbonate
- Used for treating acidosis.
- Potential adverse effects include metabolic alkalosis, leading to muscle weakness, spasms, numbness, and irritability.
Hyponatremia
- Treated with 3% sodium chloride.
- Nursing intervention includes monitoring sodium levels every 2 hours for gradual increase.
Hyperkalemia
- If no cardiac issues, treatment may involve IV insulin with dextrose.
- If cardiac issues are present, calcium gluconate is preferred.
- For slightly elevated potassium levels (5.5-5.7), Polystyrene Sulfonate (Kayexelate) is administered orally or as a laxative.
Hypokalemia
- Potassium should never be administered as a push; instead, a piggyback method is advised to minimize pain.
Dextran 40
- Indicated for fluid volume excess.
- Side effects include tachycardia and dyspnea.
Bolus Administration
- Monitor closely for fluid volume overload.
- Nursing intervention includes assessing lung sounds before, during, and after administration.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
- Requires central line for administration.
- Tubing must be changed every 24 hours and removed from refrigeration 30 minutes prior to administration.
- Blood glucose should be checked every 6 hours.
Enteral Feedings
- Key concern is ensuring patients receive adequate water supplementation.
Vitamin A
- Excessive intake can lead to fetal malformations; pregnancy tests (HCG) are necessary before administration.
Folic Acid (B9)
- Effective treatment for alcoholism and used as a supplement during pregnancy.
Ondansetron (Zofran)
- Administer before potential nausea triggers.
- Monitor for constipation and possible dysrhythmias.
Bismuth Salicylate (Pepto Bismol)
- Mechanism involves binding to and eliminating toxins.
H2 Receptor Agonists
- Used for treating ulcers, including dental.
- Reduces stomach acid production but ineffective if taken with antacids.
Antacids
- Provide temporary relief for heartburn.
- Neutralizes gastric acid, changing stomach pH with onset of effects in 20-40 minutes.
- Example: Calcium bicarbonate (Tums).
Sucralfate
- Treatment and prevention of duodenal ulcers.
- Coats stomach lining and heals gastric erosions; should be taken before meals.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD).
- Mechanism inhibits gastric acid-generating enzyme; effects may take 4-8 weeks.
- Long-term use risks include osteoporosis.
Sulfasalazine
- Indicated for ulcerative colitis.
- Adverse effects include hepatotoxicity; contraindicated for patients with liver failure.
Psyllium Mucilloid
- First-line laxative for constipation and cholesterol management.
- Takes several days to work; advises increased fluid intake.
Stool Softeners
- Mechanism increases water absorption in the stool.
Methylnaltrexone
- Used for opioid-induced constipation; acts as a stimulant laxative.
Emergency Contraceptive
- Aimed at preventing pregnancy based on timing after intercourse.
- Works by preventing implantation; not effective for abortion.
Tocolytics
- Used to delay premature labor for 24-72 hours, allowing time for surfactant administration.
- Examples include Terbutaline (asthma treatment), Nifedipine (blood pressure), and Magnesium sulfate.
- Signs of overdose include skin flushing; early signs include decreased deep tendon reflexes (DTR).
Oxytocin
- Regulates uterine contractions, aiding in maternal and fetal rest.
- Also used to control postpartum bleeding; normalizes contractions but can cause rapid, painful contractions (tachysystole).
Misoprostol
- Used for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and in abortion procedures.
- Inhibits gastric acid production and promotes mucus production.
Norethindrone
- An oral contraceptive; teaching emphasizes taking at the same time daily.
- Side effects may include photosensitivity.
Medroxyprogesterone
- Long-term birth control option, administered IM every 3 months.
- Teaching includes avoiding St. John’s Wort.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
- Utilized for menopausal symptoms.
- Adverse effects include increased risks of breast cancer, dementia, DVT, and myocardial infarction (MI).
- Contraindicated for those on birth control or with seizure history.
Finasteride
- Classified as a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
- Promotes prostate shrinkage; side effects include sexual dysfunction, headache, and dizziness.
- Risks include prohibiting blood donations and use by pregnant women.
Conjugated Estrogen
- Used for alleviating menopause symptoms.
- Risk of thromboembolic events increased in women over 35, particularly with a history of abnormal uterine bleeding or smoking.
Sildenafil
- Prescribed for erectile dysfunction.
- Contraindicated in patients taking nitrates or with cardiac issues; it enhances but does not directly cause erection.
Testosterone
- Administered to reduce tumor size in breast cancer.
- Patient teaching includes rotating patch sites for transdermal delivery.
Colloid Solutions
- Indicated for treatment of hypovolemic shock due to burns.
- Mechanism of action involves plasma proteins that maintain fluid within blood vessels.
- Example includes Lactated Ringers solution.
Crystalloid Solutions
- Primarily used for fluid replacement.
- Contains electrolytes that mimic extracellular fluid composition.
Hypotonic Solutions
- Utilized in treating hypernatremia.
- Mechanism shifts fluid from blood vessels into cells.
Hypertonic Solutions
- Effective for managing brain swelling.
- Mechanism shifts fluid from cells into blood vessels.
- Examples: 3% hypertonic saline and D5 NS (5% dextrose, 0.9% NS).
Isotonic Solutions
- Recommended for dehydration, such as from vomiting.
- Maintains vascular expansion without causing fluid shifts.
Sodium Bicarbonate
- Used for treating acidosis.
- Potential adverse effects include metabolic alkalosis, leading to muscle weakness, spasms, numbness, and irritability.
Hyponatremia
- Treated with 3% sodium chloride.
- Nursing intervention includes monitoring sodium levels every 2 hours for gradual increase.
Hyperkalemia
- If no cardiac issues, treatment may involve IV insulin with dextrose.
- If cardiac issues are present, calcium gluconate is preferred.
- For slightly elevated potassium levels (5.5-5.7), Polystyrene Sulfonate (Kayexelate) is administered orally or as a laxative.
Hypokalemia
- Potassium should never be administered as a push; instead, a piggyback method is advised to minimize pain.
Dextran 40
- Indicated for fluid volume excess.
- Side effects include tachycardia and dyspnea.
Bolus Administration
- Monitor closely for fluid volume overload.
- Nursing intervention includes assessing lung sounds before, during, and after administration.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
- Requires central line for administration.
- Tubing must be changed every 24 hours and removed from refrigeration 30 minutes prior to administration.
- Blood glucose should be checked every 6 hours.
Enteral Feedings
- Key concern is ensuring patients receive adequate water supplementation.
Vitamin A
- Excessive intake can lead to fetal malformations; pregnancy tests (HCG) are necessary before administration.
Folic Acid (B9)
- Effective treatment for alcoholism and used as a supplement during pregnancy.
Ondansetron (Zofran)
- Administer before potential nausea triggers.
- Monitor for constipation and possible dysrhythmias.
Bismuth Salicylate (Pepto Bismol)
- Mechanism involves binding to and eliminating toxins.
H2 Receptor Agonists
- Used for treating ulcers, including dental.
- Reduces stomach acid production but ineffective if taken with antacids.
Antacids
- Provide temporary relief for heartburn.
- Neutralizes gastric acid, changing stomach pH with onset of effects in 20-40 minutes.
- Example: Calcium bicarbonate (Tums).
Sucralfate
- Treatment and prevention of duodenal ulcers.
- Coats stomach lining and heals gastric erosions; should be taken before meals.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD).
- Mechanism inhibits gastric acid-generating enzyme; effects may take 4-8 weeks.
- Long-term use risks include osteoporosis.
Sulfasalazine
- Indicated for ulcerative colitis.
- Adverse effects include hepatotoxicity; contraindicated for patients with liver failure.
Psyllium Mucilloid
- First-line laxative for constipation and cholesterol management.
- Takes several days to work; advises increased fluid intake.
Stool Softeners
- Mechanism increases water absorption in the stool.
Methylnaltrexone
- Used for opioid-induced constipation; acts as a stimulant laxative.
Emergency Contraceptive
- Aimed at preventing pregnancy based on timing after intercourse.
- Works by preventing implantation; not effective for abortion.
Tocolytics
- Used to delay premature labor for 24-72 hours, allowing time for surfactant administration.
- Examples include Terbutaline (asthma treatment), Nifedipine (blood pressure), and Magnesium sulfate.
- Signs of overdose include skin flushing; early signs include decreased deep tendon reflexes (DTR).
Oxytocin
- Regulates uterine contractions, aiding in maternal and fetal rest.
- Also used to control postpartum bleeding; normalizes contractions but can cause rapid, painful contractions (tachysystole).
Misoprostol
- Used for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and in abortion procedures.
- Inhibits gastric acid production and promotes mucus production.
Norethindrone
- An oral contraceptive; teaching emphasizes taking at the same time daily.
- Side effects may include photosensitivity.
Medroxyprogesterone
- Long-term birth control option, administered IM every 3 months.
- Teaching includes avoiding St. John’s Wort.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
- Utilized for menopausal symptoms.
- Adverse effects include increased risks of breast cancer, dementia, DVT, and myocardial infarction (MI).
- Contraindicated for those on birth control or with seizure history.
Finasteride
- Classified as a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
- Promotes prostate shrinkage; side effects include sexual dysfunction, headache, and dizziness.
- Risks include prohibiting blood donations and use by pregnant women.
Conjugated Estrogen
- Used for alleviating menopause symptoms.
- Risk of thromboembolic events increased in women over 35, particularly with a history of abnormal uterine bleeding or smoking.
Sildenafil
- Prescribed for erectile dysfunction.
- Contraindicated in patients taking nitrates or with cardiac issues; it enhances but does not directly cause erection.
Testosterone
- Administered to reduce tumor size in breast cancer.
- Patient teaching includes rotating patch sites for transdermal delivery.
Colloid Solutions
- Treats hypovolemic shock, particularly from burns.
- Mechanism involves plasma proteins that maintain fluid within blood vessels.
- Example: Lactated Ringers.
Crystalloid Solutions
- Used for fluid replacement therapy.
- Composed of electrolytes that replicate extracellular fluid balance.
Hypotonic Solutions
- Effective for treating hypernatremia.
- Promotes fluid movement from blood vessels into cells.
Hypertonic Solutions
- Indicated for treatment of cerebral edema (brain swelling).
- Facilitates fluid movement from cells to vascular space.
- Examples include 3% hypertonic saline and D5 NS (5% dextrose in 0.9% NS).
Isotonic Solutions
- Utilized for dehydration typically following vomiting.
- Maintains vascular volume without causing fluid shifts.
Sodium Bicarbonate
- Acts as an antacid and is used to treat acidosis.
- Potential adverse effects include metabolic alkalosis, leading to muscle weakness, spasms, numbness, and irritability.
Hyponatremia
- Treated with 3% NaCl.
- Nursing intervention includes monitoring sodium levels every two hours for gradual correction.
Hyperkalemia
- If no cardiac complications exist, treated with IV insulin and dextrose.
- Calcium gluconate is indicated if cardiac issues are present.
- Slightly elevated potassium levels (5.5-5.7) can be addressed with oral Polystyrene Sulfonate (Kayexelate).
Hypokalemia
- Administration must avoid IV push due to risk of cardiac arrest; use piggyback method to minimize burning sensations.
Dextran 40
- Treatment for fluid volume overload.
- Side effects may include tachycardia and dyspnea.
Bolus Administration
- Requires monitoring for fluid overload.
- Nursing assessment involves listening to lung sounds before, during, and after bolus administration.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
- Must use a central line for administration.
- Tubing needs change every 24 hours; remove from refrigeration 30 minutes prior to use.
- Blood sugar levels should be checked every six hours.
Enteral Feedings
- Important to ensure patients receive adequate water supplementation.
Vitamin A
- Excessive intake during pregnancy can cause fetal malformation; pregnancy testing is advised before administration.
Folic Acid (B9)
- Used as a supplement for alcoholism recovery and during pregnancy.
Ondansetron (Zofran)
- Administered prior to nausea-inducing triggers.
- Requires monitoring for constipation and possible cardiac dysrhythmias.
Bismuth Salicylate (Pepto Bismol)
- Works by binding to toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for elimination.
H2 Receptor Antagonists
- Prescribed for dental ulcers.
- Reduces stomach acid, but may be ineffective if taken concurrently with antacids.
Antacids
- Provide temporary relief from heartburn by neutralizing stomach acid; onset time is 20-40 minutes.
- Example: Calcium Bicarbonate (Tums).
Sucralfate
- Used to prevent and treat duodenal ulcers.
- Mechanism involves coating the stomach to heal erosions; taken prior to meals.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Treat GERD and peptic ulcer disease (PUD).
- Function by inhibiting gastric acid production; effects may take 4-8 weeks.
- Long-term use raises the risk of osteoporosis.
Sulfasalazine
- Indicated for ulcerative colitis.
- Adverse effects include hepatotoxicity and contraindicated in patients with liver failure.
Psyllium Mucilloid
- First-line treatment for constipation; also helps lower cholesterol.
- Requires several days to exert effects, emphasizes increased fluid intake.
Stool Softeners
- Mechanism focuses on enhancing water absorption in stool.
Methylnaltrexone
- Stimulant laxative used for opioid-induced constipation.
Emergency Contraceptive
- Aims to prevent pregnancy depending on the timing of intercourse; prevents implantation, not an abortive method.
Tocolytics
- Given to halt premature labor (24-72 hours), allowing for surfactant administration to promote lung development in neonates.
- Examples include Terbutaline (risk of fetal death when used over 48-72 hours) and Nifedipine.
Oxytocin
- Regulates uterine contractions and manages postpartum hemorrhage.
- May cause rapid and painful contractions (Tachysystole).
Misoprostol
- Utilized for treating peptic ulcer disease and abortion procedures.
- Inhibits gastric acid production and stimulates mucus secretion.
Norethindrone
- Oral contraceptive requiring daily intake at the same time.
- Notable side effect: photosensitivity.
Medroxyprogesterone
- Provides long-term birth control through IM injections every three months.
- Avoid St. John’s Wort interaction.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
- Addresses menopausal symptoms but poses risks of breast cancer, dementia, DVT, and myocardial infarction.
- Avoids giving to individuals using birth control or with seizure disorders.
Finasteride
- A 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
- Promotes prostate shrinkage; side effects include sexual dysfunction and headaches.
Conjugated Estrogen
- Used for menopausal symptom relief.
- Increases risk of blood clots in women over 35; contraindicated in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding and smoking.
Sildenafil
- Treats erectile dysfunction; contraindicated with nitrates and cardiac conditions.
- Teaching points include that it enhances erection but does not cause it.
Testosterone
- Used for breast cancer treatment to reduce tumor size; importance of rotating patch site is emphasized.
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Description
This quiz covers different types of solutions used in medical treatment, including colloid, crystalloid, hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions. Learn about their applications, mechanisms of action, and specific examples. Test your knowledge on how these solutions impact fluid balance in the body.
