Exam 1 practice

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a sensible loss of fluid?

Emesis
Urine
Diarrhea
Sweat (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of fluid volume overload (FVO)?

Bounding pulse
Hypotension (correct)
Jugular vein distention
Crackles

What is the main function of diuretics in the treatment of FVO?

Decrease blood sugar
Increase urine production (correct)
Decrease heart rate
Increase blood pressure

Which of the following is NOT a method for assessing fluid volume status?

Blood glucose monitoring (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of fluid movement between the vascular and interstitial spaces?

Filtration (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cation?

Bicarbonate (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the 'Triad of Death'?

Hyperglycemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Fluid volume deficit (FVD) can be caused by which of the following?

Excessive fluid loss (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with low sodium levels is likely to experience which of the following symptoms? (Select all that apply)

Seizures (A), Increased thirst (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to hyperkalemia (increased potassium levels)?

Kidney failure (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with hypokalemia may present with which of the following ECG changes?

Flattened T waves (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is NOT recommended for managing hypokalemia?

Restricting potassium intake (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of oral rehydration therapy for hemoconcentration?

Administer 64 ounces of oral solution containing salts and water (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with hyponatremia caused by water excess is likely to have which of the following laboratory findings?

Decreased serum sodium levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of fluid volume deficit in children?

Increased urine output (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nursing interventions is the highest priority for a patient experiencing severe hyponatremia with seizures?

Ensuring patient safety and seizure precautions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is MOST likely to be observed in a patient with severe hypokalemia?

Cardiac arrest (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering potassium in the treatment of fluid volume deficit?

To promote urine output and prevent hypokalemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use infusion pumps for accurate intake and output in treating fluid volume deficit?

To ensure consistent fluid delivery rate and monitor fluid intake accurately (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following electrolytes is MOST directly related to the potential for cardiac dysrhythmias?

Potassium (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a correct description of a hypotonic solution's effect on cells?

It causes the cell to swell as water moves into the cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of fluid volume deficit in children?

Increased thirst mechanism (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding fluid balance in the elderly is TRUE?

Elderly individuals are at higher risk of fluid volume deficit due to a lower percentage of body water (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate IV fluid bolus for a child with fluid volume deficit?

20 ml/kg (D) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does aldosterone have on the body's blood volume?

Increases blood volume (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by high pH and low CO2 levels in the body?

Respiratory alkalosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the causes of respiratory acidosis?

Airway obstruction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT part of the immune system?

Liver (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the primary function of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?

Decrease blood volume and pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does a low pH and low HCO3- indicate in terms of acid-base balance?

Metabolic acidosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the inflammatory response?

Part of innate immunity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most likely caused by excessive vomiting?

Metabolic alkalosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary immunoglobulin involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

IgE (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom typically associated with anaphylaxis?

Headache (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis?

Epinephrine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes Type II hypersensitivity reactions from Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

They can lead to cytotoxic effects. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common preventative measure for Type II hypersensitivity reactions during a blood transfusion?

Checking blood compatibility with two registered nurses (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is indicated for managing bronchospasm in patients experiencing anaphylaxis?

Inhaled Beta 2 agonists (C) Signup and view all the answers

How quickly do symptoms typically onset in a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Within minutes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is primarily caused by the release of histamine during a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Itching (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) presents with edema and hypotension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?

Kidney failure due to lupus nephritis causing protein loss in urine (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions?

Formation of immune complexes that activate complement (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with SLE is being managed with prednisone. What important teaching point should the nurse emphasize to this patient?

Prednisone can suppress the immune system and increase the risk of infections (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication associated with the use of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of SLE?

Damage to the eyes, requiring regular monitoring (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Lyme disease in Stage II?

Cardiac complications, such as heart blocks (B) Signup and view all the answers

Contact dermatitis is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Type IV (Delayed-type hypersensitivity) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when tapering off steroid therapy for SLE?

Risk of adrenal insufficiency (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of Lyme disease in Stage I?

Erythema migrans (bullseye rash) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Triad of death

A combination of hemorrhage, airway compromise, sepsis, and hypothermia after trauma.

Homeostasis

The dynamic equilibrium maintained by organisms for optimal functioning of cells and systems.