Exam 1 practice

<p>Blood glucose monitoring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bicarbonate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive fluid loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seizures (A), Increased thirst (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidney failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flattened T waves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restricting potassium intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administer 64 ounces of oral solution containing salts and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased serum sodium levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased urine output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring patient safety and seizure precautions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac arrest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote urine output and prevent hypokalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure consistent fluid delivery rate and monitor fluid intake accurately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potassium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes the cell to swell as water moves into the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased thirst mechanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elderly individuals are at higher risk of fluid volume deficit due to a lower percentage of body water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 ml/kg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases blood volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory alkalosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airway obstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease blood volume and pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of innate immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolic alkalosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Headache (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can lead to cytotoxic effects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Checking blood compatibility with two registered nurses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhaled Beta 2 agonists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Itching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidney failure due to lupus nephritis causing protein loss in urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of immune complexes that activate complement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prednisone can suppress the immune system and increase the risk of infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to the eyes, requiring regular monitoring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac complications, such as heart blocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type IV (Delayed-type hypersensitivity) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk of adrenal insufficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythema migrans (bullseye rash) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A combination of hemorrhage, airway compromise, sepsis, and hypothermia after trauma.

The dynamic equilibrium maintained by organisms for optimal functioning of cells and systems.

Condition characterized by weight gain, hypertension, and fluid retention symptoms.

Condition characterized by weight loss, hypotension, and related symptoms.

Movement of fluids between kidney, vascular, and interstitial spaces.

Mineral salts that dissolve in water and split into ions, crucial for body functions.

Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.

The process of increasing urine production to remove excess water from the body.

Hormone that increases sodium and water reabsorption in kidneys to raise blood volume.

Hormone that decreases blood volume and pressure by promoting sodium excretion and inhibiting renin.

pH: 7.35-7.45, CO2: 35-45, HCO3-: 22-26, indicating normal acid-base balance.

Condition with low pH and high CO2, often due to hypoventilation.

Condition with high pH and low CO2, often due to hyperventilation.

Condition characterized by low pH and low HCO3-, often due to DKA or kidney failure.

Condition with high pH and high HCO3-, often due to excessive vomiting.

Includes tonsils, thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen, which protect against infections.

Increased concentration of blood components due to reduced plasma volume.

A solution with equal osmotic pressure to body fluids.

A solution with lower osmotic pressure than body fluids.

A solution with higher osmotic pressure than body fluids.

Situations leading to fluid volume deficit include diarrhea, vomiting, and fever.

Signs include dry mucosa, sunken fontanels, and tachycardia.

Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance through intake and volume replacement.

Elderly are more at risk for fluid deficit due to lower body water and reduced thirst.

A condition of low sodium levels in the blood, causing decreased osmolarity.

The typical range of sodium in the blood is 135-145 mEq/L.

Seizures, confusion, and risk for injury due to altered mental status.

A condition of low potassium levels in the blood, leading to muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias.

The normal potassium level in the blood typically ranges from 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.

Includes dysrhythmias, hypotension, and cardiac arrest.

Encourage oral rehydration and monitor for seizures and mental status changes.

Perform cardiac monitoring as critical interventions due to cardiac risks.

IgE-mediated allergic reactions, causing swelling and itching.

Severe, systemic allergic reaction involving multiple body systems.

Administered to increase blood pressure and counteract anaphylaxis symptoms.

Medications used to relieve itching and hives associated with allergies.

Chemical released during allergic reactions, causing capillary leakiness and symptoms.

IgG or IgM mediated reactions leading to cell damage through phagocytosis.

Immediate reaction to blood transfusion leading to hemolysis of red blood cells.

Medications that block leukotriene effects to manage allergic symptoms.

A chronic autoimmune disease affecting connective tissues, damaging kidneys and heart.

Kidney damage in SLE, causing loss of protein in urine, leading to edema and hypotension.

Includes butterfly rash, joint pain, and absences of symptoms in cycles of flares and remissions.

Localized skin reaction due to contact with allergens, such as poison ivy or insect bites.

An infection caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium, spread by ticks.

Progression includes flu-like symptoms, cardiac issues, and chronic fatigue with arthritis.