Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following processes does not contribute to the output of water in the body?

  • Urine production by the kidneys
  • Sweat evaporation from the skin
  • Digestion of carbohydrates (correct)
  • Water vapor lost during exhalation

    • How does increased extracellular fluid (ECF) electrolyte concentration affect fluid balance?

  • It decreases the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
  • It increases ECF volume by promoting water loss in urine.
  • It decreases movement of water from intracellular fluid (ICF) to ECF.
  • It increases ECF volume by causing water to move out of ICF. (correct)

    • What drives the exchange of fluids between blood and interstitial fluid in normal conditions?

  • Blood volume and cell metabolism
  • Only capillary blood pressure
  • Capillary blood pressure and blood protein concentration (correct)
  • Only interstitial fluid pressure

    • Which of the following is not a main source of fluid intake?

    <p>Transpiration from plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on urine volume?

    <p>Decreases urine volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of dehydration?

    <p>Fluid output exceeding intake for a prolonged period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes overhydration?

    <p>Total body fluid volume is greater than normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could potentially lead to water intoxication?

    <p>Rapid consumption of large volumes of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by a blood sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L?

    <p>Hypernatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of excessive intravenous fluid administration?

    <p>Overhydration due to increased intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary function of water in the body?

    <p>Regulating blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid compartment contains the majority of the body's water?

    <p>Intracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates water balance in the body?

    <p>Hypothalamus and kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a route for water loss from the body?

    <p>Muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might water intake need to be adjusted?

    <p>Due to fluctuations in exercise intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average daily water intake and output in liters?

    <p>2.5 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which percentage of total body water (TBW) is typically found in adult females?

    <p>45-50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT affect daily water intake needs?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended fluid intake for an expenditure of 2000 kcal?

    <p>2-3 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid component surrounds cells and helps transport substances?

    <p>Interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions is primarily found in intracellular fluid (ICF)?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) play in fluid balance?

    <p>It promotes reabsorption of sodium and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about electrolytes is true?

    <p>Electrolytes form ions when dissolved in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fluid is known as the liquid part of whole blood?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective fluid substitute?

    <p>Contains diuretics like caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compartment is referred to as the internal environment of the body?

    <p>Extracellular fluid (ECF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

    • General guideline: 1–1.5 ml of water per kcal expended; for 2000 kcal burned, 2-3 liters are suggested.
    • Urine should be pale yellow; caffeine and alcohol are diuretics and not good substitutes for water.
    • Electrolytes are salts that dissolve in water, forming ions which can be categorized as cations (+) or anions (−).

    Body Fluid Compartments

    • Extracellular fluid (ECF) surrounds cells and facilitates substance transport.
    • Components of ECF include:
      • Plasma: Liquid portion of blood.
      • Interstitial fluid: Surrounds individual cells.
      • Transcellular fluid: Includes lymph, joint fluids, cerebrospinal fluids, and humors of the eye.
    • Intracellular fluid (ICF) is the largest compartment and serves as a solvent for chemical reactions within cells.

    Electrolyte Distribution

    • Intracellular electrolytes include potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus.
    • Extracellular electrolytes include sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.

    Mechanisms of Fluid Balance

    • Fluid output adjusts based on intake, primarily through urine regulation.
    • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes kidney reabsorption of sodium and water, reducing urine output and increasing ECF volume.

    Functions of Water

    • Essential for transport, structural support, metabolic reactions, lubrication, shock absorption, and regulating body temperature and blood volume.

    Body Fluid Content

    • Fluid content varies by age, sex, and adipose tissue; females: 45-50% total body water (TBW), males: 50-60% TBW, infants: 77% TBW.
    • Average daily intake/output: approximately 2.5 liters, regulated by the hypothalamus and kidneys.

    Regulation of Fluid Intake/Output

    • Water intake depends on thirst and satiety; output includes losses in urine, sweat, respiration, and feces.
    • Four main output routes: water vapor in breathing, skin sweat, kidney urine, and fecal losses.

    Fluid Imbalances

    • Dehydration occurs when fluid output exceeds intake for a sustained period, initially shrinking interstitial fluid volume, then affecting ICF and plasma volumes.
    • Overhydration happens when intake exceeds output, leading to excess body fluid volume; may result from excessive intravenous fluids or rapid administration.

    Electrolyte Imbalances

    • Electrolyte homeostasis relates to intake and output; specific imbalances include:
      • Hypernatremia: Blood sodium level exceeds 145 mEq/L.
      • Hyponatremia: Blood sodium level falls below 135 mEq/L.
      • Hypokalemia: Blood potassium level below normal.

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    Related Documents

    Fluid & Electrolyte Balance 1 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on fluid and electrolyte balance, including body fluid compartments and electrolyte distribution. This quiz covers essential concepts like water intake guidelines and the role of electrolytes in the body. Prepare to deepen your understanding of hydration and cellular functions!

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