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Questions and Answers
Flow cytometry utilizes light scatter properties to identify cells based on their physical characteristics.
Flow cytometry utilizes light scatter properties to identify cells based on their physical characteristics.
True (A)
A histogram displays the relationship between the number of events and cell volume.
A histogram displays the relationship between the number of events and cell volume.
True (A)
Diluting blood samples is not important for obtaining accurate cell counts in flow cytometry.
Diluting blood samples is not important for obtaining accurate cell counts in flow cytometry.
False (B)
In flow cytometry, cells are injected into the flow cell in a random manner to enhance detection.
In flow cytometry, cells are injected into the flow cell in a random manner to enhance detection.
Fluorescent flow cytometry relies on cells staining with specific fluorescent markers to be excited by a light source.
Fluorescent flow cytometry relies on cells staining with specific fluorescent markers to be excited by a light source.
The complete blood count (CBC) does not utilize flow cytometry as part of its analysis.
The complete blood count (CBC) does not utilize flow cytometry as part of its analysis.
Light scatter that is unique to each cell type allows for the differentiation of cellular sub-populations in flow cytometry.
Light scatter that is unique to each cell type allows for the differentiation of cellular sub-populations in flow cytometry.
Hydrodynamic focusing allows cells to be examined in batches rather than individually in flow cytometry.
Hydrodynamic focusing allows cells to be examined in batches rather than individually in flow cytometry.
Optical light scatter technology generates a three-dimensional visualization called a scatterplot.
Optical light scatter technology generates a three-dimensional visualization called a scatterplot.
Radio Frequency (RF) technology primarily characterizes the internal structure of white blood cells.
Radio Frequency (RF) technology primarily characterizes the internal structure of white blood cells.
Multi-Color Fluorescence emission detection methods have not significantly advanced cell identification.
Multi-Color Fluorescence emission detection methods have not significantly advanced cell identification.
A complete blood count (CBC) is only performed when there are specific symptoms present.
A complete blood count (CBC) is only performed when there are specific symptoms present.
Flow cytometry uses impedance and optical measurements to analyze cellular components.
Flow cytometry uses impedance and optical measurements to analyze cellular components.
In fluorescent flow cytometry, fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are used to stain cellular RNA and DNA.
In fluorescent flow cytometry, fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are used to stain cellular RNA and DNA.
The specificity in identifying cell lineages has decreased with new methods in hematology.
The specificity in identifying cell lineages has decreased with new methods in hematology.
Light scatter information can be collected from multiple locations incident to the light beam.
Light scatter information can be collected from multiple locations incident to the light beam.
Light scatter technology is based on the principle that blood cells are poor conductors of electricity.
Light scatter technology is based on the principle that blood cells are poor conductors of electricity.
Flow cytometry methods can be used for the identification of different cellular sub-populations in a blood sample.
Flow cytometry methods can be used for the identification of different cellular sub-populations in a blood sample.
A complete blood count (CBC) is performed to measure the total volume of blood in the body.
A complete blood count (CBC) is performed to measure the total volume of blood in the body.
Automated hematology analyzers utilize impedance technology to count cells and assess their size.
Automated hematology analyzers utilize impedance technology to count cells and assess their size.
Fluorescent flow cytometry requires the sample cells to be stained with specific fluorescent dyes to identify cell types.
Fluorescent flow cytometry requires the sample cells to be stained with specific fluorescent dyes to identify cell types.
The first 100 cells counted in a manual analysis provide a complete and accurate representation of all cellular populations present.
The first 100 cells counted in a manual analysis provide a complete and accurate representation of all cellular populations present.
Impedance technology and optical detection methods are mutually exclusive technologies in cell counting.
Impedance technology and optical detection methods are mutually exclusive technologies in cell counting.
When abnormalities are suspected in blood samples, only automated methods are used for cell analysis.
When abnormalities are suspected in blood samples, only automated methods are used for cell analysis.
Flashcards
Histogram
Histogram
A graphical representation showing the frequency of events versus the size of the events.
Cellular measurements
Cellular measurements
Measurements of cells, often presented graphically in a histogram.
Flow Cytometry
Flow Cytometry
An automated system that identifies cells based on how light scatters when detected with a focused light beam
Light Scatter
Light Scatter
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Flow Cell
Flow Cell
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Hydrodynamic Focusing
Hydrodynamic Focusing
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Interrogation Zone
Interrogation Zone
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Cell Volume
Cell Volume
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Optical Light Scatter
Optical Light Scatter
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Scatterplot
Scatterplot
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Multi-Dimensional Analysis
Multi-Dimensional Analysis
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Radio Frequency (RF) Cytometry
Radio Frequency (RF) Cytometry
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Multi-Color Fluorescence
Multi-Color Fluorescence
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Fluorescent Flow Cytometry
Fluorescent Flow Cytometry
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
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Hematology Tests
Hematology Tests
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WBC subpopulation counting
WBC subpopulation counting
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Automated cell counting
Automated cell counting
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Impedance technology
Impedance technology
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Coulter principle
Coulter principle
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Blood sample analysis timing
Blood sample analysis timing
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Automated hematology
Automated hematology
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Transducer (detection device)
Transducer (detection device)
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Orifice (opening) in transducer
Orifice (opening) in transducer
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Study Notes
Learning Guide: Hematology
- This learning guide is for healthcare professionals involved in laboratory medicine
- It is intended for those who work with blood tests, including technicians, technologists, managers, nurses, etc.
- The guide provides basic information about hematology testing
- A glossary of terms is included for quick reference
- The guide is meant to help understand and appreciate the importance of hematology testing
- Learning objectives are at the beginning of each section
- Section review quizzes are at the end of each section
- Review the section if the quiz questions are not answered correctly
- The guide contains information on the physiologic features of the body, overview of blood, red blood cells (RBCs), disorders of RBCs, white blood cells (WBCs), disorders of WBCs, platelets and hemorrhagic disorders, hematology tests, and references and resources.
- Hematology is the study of blood, blood-forming tissues, and blood components. It is important in maintaining life.
- Blood is about 60% water and is the medium for chemical reactions.
- Homeostasis is the balance of the body's fluids.
- Metabolism is the process cells use to transform and use nutrients.
- Blood has plasma and formed elements (55% plasma, 45% formed elements, including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)
- Blood is about 7% of body weight.
- Blood transports metabolic components, nutrients, hormones, gases, defends against infections, and works in blood clotting.
- RBCs are the most numerous blood cells (4.60 x 106/μL in women, 5.20 x 106/μL in men) that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- WBCs (4,500-11,000/μL) fight infections; they include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.
- Platelets (140-440 x 103/μL) help prevent blood loss by forming blood clots.
- Tissue oxygenation regulates RBC production.
- Anemia is a deficiency of RBCs. Several types exist, including those due to bleeding, insufficient RBC formation, and excessive RBC destruction.
- Polycythemia is the opposite of anemia, characterized by an abnormally high number of RBCs.
- Common WBC disorders include leukocytosis, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, agranulocytosis, lymphoma, and leukemia.
- Platelets are small, granulated bodies formed by megakaryocytes.
- Hemostasis is the stopping of bleeding.
- Platelets contain chemicals, factors, and growth factors.
- Platelets help maintain blood vessels' integrity and smooth muscle proliferation.
- Thromocopenia is a low platelet count
- Hemorrhagic disorders are disorders affecting hemostasis.
- Hematology tests include those for different blood components and the technology used to measure them.
- A complete blood count (CBC) is a common lab test which includes measurements of WBCs, RBCs and platelets.
Hematology Tests
- CBCs give general info about the patient.
- CBCs measure WBC count, WBC differential, RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC).
- Normal ranges for blood components vary by location, patient sex, and age.
- Automated technologies for these tests are available.
Glossary of Terms
- Many medical terms are explained in the glossary, such as anemia, antibody, antigen, aplastic, basophil, etc.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the principles and applications of flow cytometry. This quiz covers important topics such as light scatter properties, cell identification, and the role of fluorescent markers. Assess your understanding of how flow cytometry is utilized in cell analysis and its significance in laboratory settings.
