Florida Government and Elections Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement to vote in Florida?

  • Being a citizen of the United States
  • Being registered to vote (correct)
  • Being 18 years or older
  • Being a legal resident of Florida

    • The two main types of primaries are open and closed primaries.

    True (A)

    What is the purpose of general elections?

    General elections determine which candidates will hold office.

    Citizens convicted of felonies cannot vote until their ______ are restored.

    <p>rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the political party with its corresponding policy stance on healthcare:

    <p>Democratic Party = Increasing access to healthcare and government welfare programs Republican Party = Reducing government involvement in healthcare and promoting market-based solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Florida Legislature?

    <p>To enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Florida Legislature meets for 60 days every other year.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to local laws created by municipal governments?

    <p>Ordinances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ president heads the Senate, while the ______ of the House heads the House of Representatives.

    <p>Senate, Speaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

    <p>Legislative Branch = The branch of government responsible for making laws Municipal Government = The government of a city or town Ordinances = Local laws created by municipal governments Charter = A document that outlines the powers and responsibilities of a city or town government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for convening the Constitutional Convention in 1787?

    <p>To revise the Articles of Confederation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under the Articles of Confederation, all 13 states had to agree to any changes.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major issue did Shays' Rebellion highlight?

    <p>The need for a stronger national government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ Compromise addressed the concerns of both large and small states regarding representation in Congress.

    <p>Great</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following plans proposed at the Constitutional Convention with their main proponents:

    <p>Virginia Plan = Large states New Jersey Plan = Small states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Three-Fifths Compromise counted enslaved people as full persons for the purpose of representation in Congress.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these powers was NOT granted to Congress by the Constitution?

    <p>Taxing exports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Preamble to the US Constitution?

    <p>To outline the goals and principles of the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two ways to become a natural born citizen in the United States?

    <p>Law of Blood and Law of Soil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Naturalization is the process by which a lawful permanent resident becomes a US citizen.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main influences on America's Constitutional Republic?

    <p>Ancient Greece and Rome, Judeo-Christian Ethical Ideas, and English legal and political traditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Magna Carta was a document written in 1215 that limited the power of the ______.

    <p>king</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical documents with their primary purpose:

    <p>Magna Carta = Limited the king's power Mayflower Compact = Established a democratic government in North America English Bill of Rights = Outlined rights included in the US Constitution Declaration of Independence = Declared the independence of the United States from Great Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for naturalization in the United States?

    <p>Be a permanent resident for 3 years or longer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ancient Athens was a representative democracy where citizens elected representatives to make decisions.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of "consent of the governed" and how is it related to self-government?

    <p>Consent of the governed means that the government's power derives from the people's permission. Self-government suggests that people have the right to rule themselves and make choices for their society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the legislative branch of the U.S. government?

    <p>To create laws (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Florida Legislature is unicameral, consisting of only one house.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduces a bill in Congress?

    <p>A senator or representative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The U.S. Congress is a __________ legislature, meaning it has two chambers.

    <p>bicameral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the President do if he disagrees with a bill passed by Congress?

    <p>Veto it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following steps in the legislative process with their corresponding actions:

    <ol> <li>Bill Introduction = A. Assigned to a committee</li> <li>Committee Review = B. Debated and voted on by the House or Senate</li> <li>Full House/Senate Vote = C. Sent to the other house for consideration</li> <li>Consideration in Other House = D. Becomes law if signed by the President</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Most bills introduced in Congress successfully pass through committee.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many years do Florida state legislators in the Senate serve?

    <p>Four years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a significant outcome of the Boston Tea Party?

    <p>The Intolerable Acts were enacted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Articles of Confederation established a government with multiple branches.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main idea presented by Thomas Paine in his pamphlet 'Common Sense'?

    <p>The colonies should declare their independence from Great Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principle that states no taxation without __________ was a fundamental right sought by the colonists.

    <p>representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Enlightenment thinkers with their ideas:

    <p>John Locke = Natural rights including life, liberty, and property Baron de Montesquieu = Separation of powers Jean-Jacques Rousseau = Social contract theory Voltaire = Freedom of speech and religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Declaratory Act of 1766 assert?

    <p>Parliament had the right to tax the colonies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The First Continental Congress convened after the Boston Massacre to discuss colonial grievances.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the first battle of the American Revolution?

    <p>The Battles of Lexington and Concord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Florida Legislature

    The legislative body in Florida that meets annually for 60 days to create laws.

    Municipal Governments

    Local governments for cities and towns in Florida, run by elected councils or commissions.

    City Council

    An elected group responsible for making local laws and decisions in a city.

    Legislative Power

    The authority of municipal governments to create local laws (ordinances) derived from state law.

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    Veto Process

    The ability of mayors to reject legislation, which councils can override with a two-thirds vote.

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    Voting Requirements in Florida

    Citizens must be U.S. citizens, residents of Florida, 18 or older, and not have felony voting restrictions.

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    Types of Elections

    There are several types, including primaries, general elections, special elections, and runoff elections.

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    Open vs. Closed Primary

    Open primaries allow any registered voter to participate; closed primaries require voters to be registered with a party to vote.

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    Role of Political Parties

    Political parties recruit candidates, influence officeholders, support policies, and provide election resources.

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    Democratic vs. Republican Party

    Democratic Party focuses on healthcare and welfare; Republican Party emphasizes tax reduction and national security.

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    No taxation without representation

    A principle stating that citizens should not be taxed without having a voice in the government.

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    Right to a fair trial

    The legal right for an individual to have a fair and public hearing in a court of law.

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    Writ of habeas corpus

    A legal order requiring a person to be brought before a judge, ensuring their detention is lawful.

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    John Locke

    An Enlightenment thinker who advocated for natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

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    Separation of Powers

    A principle where the government is divided into branches, each with separate powers and responsibilities.

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    Boston Tea Party

    A 1773 protest where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor to oppose British taxes.

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    Common Sense

    A pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for American independence from Britain in 1776.

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    Articles of Confederation

    The first governing document of the United States, creating a weak national government with limited powers.

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    Federalism

    A system where power is shared between federal and state governments.

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    Branches of Government

    The three parts of government: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.

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    Legislative Branch

    The part of government that makes laws, consisting of Congress (Senate and House).

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    Bicameral Legislature

    A legislature with two chambers or houses, like the US Congress.

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    Bill Introduction

    A proposal for new legislation that must be introduced by a member of Congress.

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    Committee Process

    The stage where bills are studied, revised, and assessed before moving forward.

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    Presidential Veto

    The president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress.

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    Override Veto

    Congress can reverse a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both houses.

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    Natural Born Citizen

    A person born with citizenship rights in a country, either by law of blood or law of soil.

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    Law of Blood

    Citizenship is determined by having a citizen parent, regardless of birthplace.

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    Law of Soil

    Citizenship is granted to individuals born on the territory of a country.

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    Naturalization

    The legal process through which a foreign national becomes a citizen.

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    Requirements for Naturalization

    Individuals must meet criteria like age, residency, moral character, and language skills to become citizens.

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    Duties of Citizens

    Responsibilities that citizens have towards their country, including obeying laws and participating in government.

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    Influence of Ancient Greece

    Greece contributed ideas like direct democracy, civic participation, and written constitutions to modern governance.

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    Magna Carta

    A historical document that limited the king's power and established principles like due process and the right to a fair trial.

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    Articles of Confederation weaknesses

    Lacked a national court system, tax authority, and executive branch.

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    Unanimous consent requirement

    All 13 states had to agree for changes to be made.

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    Shays' Rebellion

    Armed uprising that revealed weaknesses in the Articles.

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    Virginia Plan

    Proposed a strong national government and representation based on population.

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    Three-Fifths Compromise

    Determined that enslaved people counted as three-fifths of a person for representation.

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    Bill of Rights

    The first 10 amendments to the Constitution that protect individual rights.

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    Amending the Constitution

    Process requires two-thirds of Congress and three-fourths of states' approval.

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    Voting Amendments

    Amendments 15, 19, 24, and 26 expanded voting rights.

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    Study Notes

    Citizenship

    • Natural Born Citizen: Citizenship acquired through the Law of Blood (birth to a citizen) or Law of Soil (born in a country).
    • Naturalization: Legal process of becoming a citizen.
      • Requirements: At least 18 years old, permanent resident for 5+ years, good moral character, ability to read, write, speak, and understand English, understanding of US history and government principles, and demonstrate loyalty to the US.
      • Additional Naturalization steps: Meet permanent residency requirement, complete application, fingerprints and background check, interview with official, pass English and civics test, oath of allegiance

    Duties and Responsibilities of Citizens

    • Duties: Obeying the law, defending the country, serving on a jury or as a witness, paying taxes, and attending school.
    • Responsibilities: Common good (well-being of all), participating in political process, voting, holding office, campaigning, influencing government, and serving community.

    Influences on America's Constitutional Republic

    • The foundation of the US constitutional republic is built on ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome.
      • Ancient Athens is the birthplace of democracy.
      • Athenian Citizens were part of legislative bodies.
      • Ideas of written constitutions come from Greek philosophers.
      • Rome developed a republican form of government/representative democracy.
      • Rome had a set of written laws establishing the rule of law and equal protection.
      • Rome separated powers among different government officials.

    Judeo-Christian Ethical Ideas

    • Judeo-Christian ideas influenced many Americans and the constitutional republic.
      • Belief in justice (fairness)
      • Belief in individual worth
      • Belief in personal responsibility
      • Belief in the rule of law
      • Examples of these ideas are reflected in the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the American legal system.

    Foundations of Government

    • Magna Carta (1215): Limited government power, due process of law, right to a fair trial (jury of peers), right to justice.
    • Mayflower Compact (1620): First written plan for a democratic government in North America, establishing ideas about social contract and consent of the governed and self-government.
    • English Bill of Rights (1689): Outlined many rights in the US Constitution; including: No taxation without representation, right to a fair trial, no excessive punishment, and require to show cause (writ of habeas corpus).

    Enlightenment Thinkers

    • John Locke: Ideas of Natural Law (right to life, liberty, and property); concept of social contract.
    • Baron de Montesquieu: Separation of powers.

    Road to the Declaration of Independence

    • The series of laws passed after the French and Indian War angered the colonists.

      • Stamp Act (1765)
      • The Quartering Act (1765)
      • Declaratory Act (1766)
      • Townshend Acts (1767)
      • Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770)
      • Tea Act (1773)
      • Boston Tea Party (December 1773)
      • Intolerable Acts (1774)

    • First Continental Congress (September 1774)

    • Lexington and Concord (April 1775)

    • Second Continental Congress (May 1775)

    • Common Sense by Thomas Paine (January 1776)

    • Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)

    Structure of the Declaration of Independence

    • Preamble/Introduction: Explains the theory of government, colonists' belief in the right to declare independence.
    • List of Grievances: Complaints towards the King and British government.
    • Formal Declaration/Conclusion: Declared colonies free and independent states.

    Articles of Confederation

    • The Articles of Confederation established the first plan of government for the new independent states.
    • One-branch (one house legislature) government, power to declare war and manage foreign affairs (treaties). Weaknesses: No national court system, required unanimous consent to amend the Articles, No power to tax, regulate trade, no enforcement power, no executive to carry out laws, and no power to raise troops.

    Creating a New Constitution

    • In the Spring of 1787, 55 delegates gathered in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation, but instead created a new constitution.
    • Virginia Plan: Favored by large states, two houses of Congress, representation based on population, and a stronger national government.
    • New Jersey Plan: Favored by small states, one house of Congress, equal representation, and a system similar to the Articles.
    • The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)
    • Compromise addressing the differences between those plans, leading to the structure of the US government.

    Other Compromises at the Constitutional Convention

    • Three-Fifths Compromise: Enslaved people counted as three-fifths of a person for representation in Congress.
    • Powers of Congress to regulate interstate trade, but not tax exports..
    • Restrictions on Congress power to prohibit the slave trade before 1808.
    • Electoral College to elect the president and the vice-president

    Federalists and Anti-Federalists

    • Federalists: Strong central government, supported the ratification of the Constitution, and wrote the "Federalist Papers."
    • Anti-Federalists: Protecting individual rights, wanted a Bill of Rights, and wrote the "Anti-Federalist Papers."

    Organization of the US Constitution

    • The Constitution is organized into three parts:
      • Preamble: Describes the purpose of the document and the government.
      • Articles: Establish how the government is structured, how the Constitution can be changed (7 articles).
      • Amendments: Changes and additions, including the Bill of Rights (first 10).

    The Preamble to the Constitution

    • Lays out the purpose and introduces the Constitution.

    The Articles of the Constitution

    • The second part of the constitution, the articles organize the federal government.
    • Article I: Outlines the legislative branch.
    • Article II: Outlines the executive branch.
    • Article III: Outlines the judicial branch.
    • Article IV: Discusses relations between states and the national government.
    • Article V: Describes how to amend the Constitution.
    • Article VI: Declares the Constitution to be the supreme law of the land.
    • Article VII: Lists requirements for ratifying the Constitution.

    Amendments to the Constitution

    • Changes or additions to the US Constitution, beginning with the first 10 known as the Bill of Rights.

    Amending the Constitution

    • Amendment proposed by two-thirds vote of each house of Congress (or by a national convention called by Congress).
    • Ratification by three-fourths of the state legislatures (or by three-fourths of the state conventions).

    Amending the US Constitution and Florida Constitution Compared

    • US amendments require a 2/3 vote of Congress and 3/4 of the states to ratify.
    • Florida amendments are proposed by 3/5ths of House and Senate, with a petition signed by 8% of the electorate, and require 60% vote to ratify.

    Comparing US and Florida Constitutions

    • The US Constitution begins with "We the People," which establish federal government power from citizens, shorter than the Florida Constitution, has 7 articles, a Bill of Rights(1 page), 27 amendments, a "living document" that is interpreted over time; supremacy clause: highest law of land.
    • The Florida Constitution begins with "We the People”, showing state government power from the citizens, longer than the US Constitution , contains 12 articles, has 80 pages, a Florida Declaration of Rights (enumerated list of people's rights), a living document that can be changed; it addresses topics like public education, motor vehicles, and elections; and specifically addresses day-to-day issues affecting Florida residents.

    The Bill of Rights

    • The first 10 amendments in the Constitution, protecting individual rights and freedoms.

    Civil War Amendments

    • #13: Abolished slavery in the United States.
    • #14: Defined citizenship and established Equal Protection Clause (no matter the race, religion, ethnicity everyone is protected by law).
    • #15: Granted voting rights regardless of race or color.

    Voting Amendments

    • #15: Extended the right to vote to African American men.
    • #19: Extended the right to vote to women.
    • #24: Outlawed poll taxes for voting.
    • #26: Extended the right to vote to 18-year-olds.

    The Voting Rights Act of 1965

    • Outlawed voting practices that discriminated against minority groups.
    • Prohibits states from imposing any “voting qualification” or “standard” that denies the right to vote based on race or color, including literacy tests, and poll taxes.

    Federalism

    • System of government where power is shared between the federal and state governments; each have divided powers.

    Types of Governments

    • Democracy: Direct Democracy (citizens directly participate), Representative Democracy/Republic (citizens elect representatives).
    • Oligarchy (rule by the few), Autocracy (rule by one), Monarchy (rule by one, usually hereditary).
    • Absolute Monarchy (unlimited power), Constitutional Monarchy (limited by a constitution).

    Types of Economic Systems

    • Capitalism: Property and business are privately owned, “free market” with consumers and businesses setting wages and prices.
    • Socialism: Essential industries are owned by the government, and government sets wages and prices.
    • Communism: All property, businesses, and industries are owned by the government; government sets wages and prices.

    Forms of Government

    • Totalitarianism (total governmental control), Authoritarianism (micromanagement of citizens via government structure), Monarchy (rule of one, typically hereditary), Oligarchy (rule by a few), Republic (indirect rule of citizens through representatives), Direct Democracy (citizens directly participate), and Anarchy (no order or control).

    Levels of Government and Branches

    • Federal, State, County, and City Governments.
      • Descriptions of the federal (legislative, executive, and judicial branches), state, county, and city governments, including roles of elected officials and powers.

    Types of Court Cases

    • Civil cases: Brought by a person or party to recover property, enforce a contract, or protect rights.
    • Criminal cases: Brought by the government against an accused person for a crime (felonies, misdemeanors).

    Federal and State Courts

    • A dual court system, with both federal and state courts handling different types of cases, with appeals system.

    Sources and Types of Laws

    • Natural law: Universal rights believed to be common to all humans.
    • Statutory law: Laws passed by the legislature. Includes acts passed by Congress.
    • Constitutional law: Based on the interpretation and application of the Constitution.

    Sources of Law

    • Code of Hammurabi: An ancient system of laws.
    • Common law: Legal precedent established based on customs and prior legal decisions.

    Landmark Supreme Court Cases

    • Provides examples of key Supreme Court decisions on issues such as judicial review, civil rights and liberties.
    • Key Cases: Marbury v. Madison, Dred Scott v. Sandford, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, Gideon v. Wainwright, Miranda v. Arizona, In re Gault, United States v. Nixon, and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier.

    Qualifications for Local, State, and National Office

    • Different qualifications for local, state, and national offices; these vary by jurisdiction (U.S., Florida).

    The Role of the Judicial Branch

    • Interpretation and definition of laws.
    • Individual cases heard and decisions on how laws should be applied.
    • Federalism, separation of powers.

    Systems of Government

    • Unitary (central government is superior), Federal (central and subunits share equal power), and Confederal (subunits are superior to control central government).

    Types of Elections

    • Primaries (open/closed), General, Special, and Runoff elections.

    Role of Political Parties

    • Candidate recruiting and nominations.
    • Influence on officeholders.
    • Support of public policy positions.
    • Providing resources to candidates.

    Democratic and Republican Parties

    • Different policy positions for each party (Healthcare, taxes, national defense, and border security).

    Voting in Florida

    • Requirements (U.S. Citizenship, Florida residency, age 18 +).
    • Felony disenfranchisement (or restoration), and voter restrictions for incapacitated citizens.

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    Civics EOC Review PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on Florida's voting requirements, the legislative process, and key historical events that shaped American democracy. This quiz covers various topics from local laws to significant compromises in U.S. history, providing a comprehensive overview of government structure and electoral practices.

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