Questions and Answers
Is chlorine heavier than air?
True
Who do you contact in the event of a chlorine leak?
fire department
What is best to use when looking for a chlorine leak?
ammonia soaked rag or swab
What is best to consume in case of exposure to chlorine?
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What is a very strong acid?
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What do you get when you don't have good mixing?
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What does non-carbonate hardness refer to?
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What is the duration of sedimentation in comparison to flash mixing and flocculation?
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What term describes slowing the flow down in chemical processes?
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What are the correct order components for ion exchange?
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In what form can you assume the sample is when no phenolphthalein alkalinity is present?
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What color does the titrate turn when measuring hardness with EDTA?
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What could cause hardness to be as high as raw water coming from lime softening?
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What happens with enough lime added to magnesium carbonate?
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When does magnesium bicarbonate convert to magnesium carbonate?
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What happens when pH is rising toward 10.2?
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What can adding carbon dioxide cause?
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What does a short circuit indicate in regards to flocculation mixing?
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What can increased detention time in coagulation lead to?
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What should you look for during a visual observation?
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What is the operator's responsibility in water treatment?
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What are coagulation and flocculation processes a pretreatment for?
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What is tapered energy mixing?
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At what pH do all bicarbonate compounds convert to carbonate forms?
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What are lower alkalinity acids?
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What is the main reason for using soda ash in the softening process?
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What is the status of the finished water leaving the ion exchange unit?
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What should you do if you have a problem in sedimentation?
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Which of the following is present when the pH is 8.3?
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Is flocculation a slow or fast mixing process, and what does it help with?
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What does alkalinity measure?
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For every ______ of alum added, ______ mg/l of bicarbonate alkalinity must be available.
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If the hardness is greater than total alkalinity, what do you have?
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If calcium and magnesium bond with bicarbonate or carbonate, what type of hardness do you have?
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What is reduced in each selective basin as the water goes through and speed reduces?
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Why are vertical flocculators considered the best for use?
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What are the types of flocculators? Match the type with its description.
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Why is the frost that appears on the valves and flexible supply lines of the gas chlorine feed system dangerous?
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Which fire extinguisher should you not use in the MCC room on electrical fires?
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Study Notes
Chlorine and Safety Protocols
- Chlorine is indeed heavier than air, necessitating careful handling to avoid leaks.
- In case of a chlorine leak, it is crucial to contact the fire department for immediate assistance.
- To detect chlorine leaks, an ammonia-soaked rag or swab is recommended for testing near suspected areas.
- If exposed to chlorine, consuming milk is advised to mitigate effects.
Chemical Properties and Reactions
- Hydrofluoric acid is classified as a very strong acid, requiring careful handling.
- Short circuits in systems indicate poor mixing, leading to ineffective chemical reactions.
- Permanent hardness in water is characterized by non-carbonate minerals, impacting water quality.
- Conditions such as too high carbon dioxide can prevent effective lime softening, allowing calcium and magnesium to dissolve back into solution.
Water Treatment Processes
- Flash mixing lasts only seconds while flocculation can take minutes; sedimentation times can extend to hours.
- Detention time is critical in coagulation, influencing the effectiveness of the overall treatment process.
- Ion exchange processes should follow the correct order: service, backwash, brine, and rinse.
- The presence of bicarbonate form indicates no phenolphthalein alkalinity in the sample.
Alkalinity and pH Relationships
- A pH level nearing 11.3 signals the conversion of magnesium bicarbonate to magnesium carbonate.
- Calcium bicarbonate converts to calcium carbonate as pH rises toward 10.2; this is achieved by adding more lime.
- Adding carbon dioxide can influence a pH rise toward 8.3, impacting alkalinity and hardness levels.
- Low alkalinity acids like alum sulfate and carbon dioxide help adjust hardness levels in treatment.
Observational and Operational Responsibilities
- Operators must engage in visual observation, assessing turbidity, floc formation, and short-circuiting in treatment settings.
- Reducing speeds in each basin is essential for tapered energy mixing, crucial for effective water treatment.
- When issues arise in sedimentation, looking upstream for potential sources of the problem is recommended.
Hardness Classification
- Hardness greater than total alkalinity suggests permanent hardness in water.
- Temporary hardness occurs when calcium and magnesium bond with bicarbonate or carbonate.
- The primary reason for using soda ash in softening processes is to address non-carbonate hardness.
System Maintenance and Equipment
- Vertical flocculators require less maintenance and utilize non-submersible bearings, making them advantageous.
- Two types of flocculators include horizontal paddle and vertical configurations.
- Careful handling of chlorine systems is critical: frost on valves indicates potential danger from gas leaks during operational incidents.
Safety Measures
- In fire emergencies, the use of pressurized water fire extinguishers in electrical rooms is prohibited to avoid hazards.
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Description
Test your knowledge on chlorine safety and emergency response with these flashcards designed for the Florida Class C Water License. Each card presents key definitions and critical actions to take in the event of a chlorine leak. Perfect for students preparing for their licensing exam.