Questions and Answers
Which United States Supreme Court holding impacted the way that religious practice was approached in public schools?
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Which of the following correctly pairs a document with a core theme of that document?
What is the minimum number of members of the U.S. House of Representatives representing each state?
one
What is a purpose of civil rights movements?
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What is the social contract?
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What is an example of representation?
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Who does a U.S. Senator represent?
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Which document provided a rationale for the Declaration of Independence?
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What are two natural rights identified in the Declaration of Independence?
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How many U.S. Senators represent each state?
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What is the length of a U.S. President's elected term?
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What is one branch of the U.S. federal government?
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What does the U.S. Constitution do?
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Which phrase from a letter written by Abigail Adams to her husband John Adams in 1776 is reflected in the Nineteenth Amendment?
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Which phrase from a letter written by President Thomas Jefferson in 1802 reflects a freedom in the Bill of Rights?
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Which cases focused on the rights of public school students?
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Who is in charge of the executive branch?
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What is due process?
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Which of the following represents the principle of consent of the governed?
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What is an example of a power reserved to the states?
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Which statement from the English Bill of Rights is reflected in the U.S. Constitution's Eighth Amendment?
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According to the authors of the Declaration of Independence, who is responsible for protecting natural rights?
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Who signs proposed bills into federal laws?
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How many amendments does the U.S. Constitution currently have?
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What is an example of a democratic process?
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Which phrase from the English Bill of Rights (1689) is reflected in the U.S. Constitution's Third Amendment?
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Which scenario represents a violation of the Equal Protection Clause?
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Which action is an example of petitioning the government?
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What are the first two paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence called?
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Which part of government was created to reflect the colonists' position that governments derive their powers from the consent of the governed?
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Which United States Supreme Court decision focused on how states count popular votes for president and vice president?
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Which two steps are required in order for someone to become Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court?
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Which structure found in the U.S. Constitution was included as a response to a concern expressed in the Declaration of Independence?
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Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Equal Protection Clause?
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Who has the power to veto bills?
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Why does Article I, Section 7 of the U.S. Constitution require that tax bills be introduced in the House of Representatives?
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Which is a shared power in the federal system?
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Which part of the U.S. Constitution protects the freedom of religion?
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The U.S. Constitution requires that the President be elected by whom?
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Which United States Supreme Court case established the power of judicial review?
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Which of the following pairs of United States Supreme Court cases resulted in limiting the power for local governments?
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In what 1620 document do the writers form a 'civil body politic'?
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Which government officials are elected by the people?
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Which phrase in the U.S. Constitution addresses the power to seize property?
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What is the purpose of the Seventeenth Amendment?
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Which document represents the supreme law of the land?
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Which is a core theme of the Federalist Papers?
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Which document was adopted by the newly independent United States to organize the national government after declaring independence?
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Which is a core theme of the Anti-Federalist Papers?
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If both the U.S. President and the U.S. Vice President are unable to serve, who acts as president?
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Which right from the English Bill of Rights is reflected in the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment?
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Who is Commander in Chief of the military?
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What is one power of the U.S. Senate?
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What is popular sovereignty?
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What did the Declaration of Independence do?
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What is the 'rule of law'?
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Which of the following pairs of cases impacted First Amendment rights?
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How did the U.S. Constitution resolve the dispute between slave and free states over representation?
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What is the length of a U.S. Representative's elected term?
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Which right did the colonists consider 'inalienable' in the Declaration of Independence?
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Which United States Supreme Court case focused on executive privilege?
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Which of the following pairs of cases limited the rights of African Americans?
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Why did many colonists fight the British during the American Revolution?
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What is an example of judicial review?
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Which point of view is reflected in Common Sense?
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Which of the following cases impacted interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment?
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Which phrase from a letter written by Sarah Grimké in 1837 is reflected in the Fourteenth Amendment?
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Which United States Supreme Court case focused on whether an enslaved person, having lived in free territory, should be free?
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Which United States Supreme Court decision resulted in reduced power for state governments?
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Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Free Exercise Clause?
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What is the purpose of the Selective Service System?
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Which of the following is a right reserved for U.S. citizens only?
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Which of the following represents the goal of the Supremacy Clause?
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What is an example of federalism?
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What is the first phrase of the U.S. Constitution?
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What is one chamber of the U.S. Congress?
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How did the holding in the United States Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona (1966) impact criminal defendants?
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How did District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) impact states' rights?
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Which of the following cases reinforced the power of the courts?
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What are the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution called?
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Which of the following was established by a constitutional amendment?
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How did the holding in the United States Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) impact criminal defendants?
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What is the length of a U.S. Senator's elected term?
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Which United States Supreme Court case is correctly paired with the constitutional amendment on which it focused?
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Which of the following cases impacted Fourth Amendment protections at the state level?
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Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Necessary and Proper Clause?
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Based on the U.S. Constitution, which part of government was intended to hold the least power?
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Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the First Amendment?
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What is one responsibility of only U.S. citizens?
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Which of the following cases held that reproductive rights were an element of the right to privacy under the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment?
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The colonists used a political cartoon with the caption 'Join or Die' to support which action?
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Which United States Supreme Court case held that persons accused of crimes must be advised of their Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights upon their arrest?
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Which of the following cases reinforced the federal government's authority to run a federal institution without interference by a state?
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What is one qualification to serve as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives?
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Which of the following documents provided an outline for a state-centered government?
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Which phrase is included in the Declaration of Independence?
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What is one right included in the First Amendment?
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Which Supreme Court ruling held that the authors of the U.S. Constitution did not intend for African Americans to be U.S. citizens?
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What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful?
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What is the highest federal court in the United States?
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Study Notes
U.S. Supreme Court Cases and Decisions
- Engel v. Vitale (1962): Impacted religious practices in public schools by ruling that school-sponsored prayer is unconstitutional.
- Tinker v. Des Moines (1969): Established First Amendment rights for students in public schools.
- Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): Upheld state segregation laws under the doctrine of "separate but equal."
- Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional, reinforcing equal protection under the law.
- Roe v. Wade (1973): Established reproductive rights as part of the right to privacy under the Bill of Rights.
- Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857): Ruled that African Americans could not be U.S. citizens and thus had no standing to sue in federal court.
- Bush v. Gore (2000): Resolved the contested 2000 presidential election, focusing on how states count popular votes.
- Marbury v. Madison (1803): Established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to invalidate laws conflicting with the Constitution.
- U.S. v. Nixon (1974): Addressed executive privilege, ruling that the president is not above the law.
Key Constitutional Principles
- Due Process: Ensures fair treatment in judicial proceedings; protected under the Fourteenth Amendment.
- Consent of the Governed: Individuals elect representatives, a principle reflected in the election of House members.
- Separation of Powers: A constitutional structure responding to the fears of concentrated governmental power.
- Checks and Balances: Prevents any one branch of government from becoming too powerful, ensuring accountability.
Legislative Structure and Responsibilities
- U.S. House of Representatives: Minimum of one member from each state, elected for two-year terms, with members responsible for introducing tax bills.
- U.S. Senate: Each state is represented by two senators, elected for six-year terms. The Senate has the power to ratify treaties.
- Legislative Branch: One of the three branches of federal government responsible for making laws.
Civic Engagement and Rights
- Civil Rights Movements: Aim to secure equal rights and eliminate discrimination.
- Petitioning the Government: Actions such as lobbying officials exemplify civic engagement in advocating for change.
- Natural Rights: Identified in the Declaration of Independence are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, emphasizing individual rights.
- First Amendment Rights: Include freedom of speech, religion, and the right to petition; critical for democratic participation.
Governmental Powers and Limitations
- Federalism: The division of power between national and state governments, exemplified by shared powers such as tax collection.
- Eminent Domain: The government's right to seize private property for public use, with compensation.
- Judicial Review: The power of courts to assess the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions.
Historical Documents and Their Influences
- Declaration of Independence: Declared independence from Great Britain and introduced the concept of natural rights.
- Magna Carta: Established the principle of the rule of law, influencing later constitutional developments.
- Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments to the Constitution that enumerate individual rights and protections against government overreach.
Civic Responsibilities and Rights
- Responsibilities of U.S. Citizens: Include serving on a jury and participating in elections.
- Inalienable Rights: Rights that individuals cannot surrender or transfer, listed in the Declaration of Independence.
- Qualifications for Congress: Representatives must be at least 25 years old, while senators must be at least 30.
Important Legislative Amendments
- Seventeenth Amendment: Promotes democratic participation by allowing the direct election of senators by the people.
- Equal Protection Clause: Part of the Fourteenth Amendment that prohibits discrimination and unequal treatment under the law.
- Bill of Rights: Provides fundamental rights, ensuring freedoms such as speech, assembly, and religion.
Use these key points for the Florida Civic Literacy Exam, focusing on understanding the relationship between historical documents, Supreme Court cases, and constitutional principles.
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Prepare for the Florida Civic Literacy Exam with these flashcards that cover crucial topics related to U.S. history and government. Learn about landmark Supreme Court cases and significant documents that shaped American democracy. Ideal for students looking to enhance their civic knowledge.
