40 Questions
What is a key characteristic of a proficient nurse according to Benner's novice-to-expert model?
Having more than 2-3 years of experience
Which of the following is NOT a standard of professional nursing practice according to the American Nurses Association (ANA)?
Nightingale's Environmental Theory
What is the primary focus of nursing education and training?
Critical thinking and clinical judgment
What is the role of nursing in contemporary healthcare?
Influencing the lives of patients, families, and communities
What is the primary goal of nursing specialization?
Improving patient outcomes
Who is considered a pioneer in nursing?
Florence Nightingale
What is the significance of Nightingale's Environmental Theory?
Emphasizing the importance of sanitation and hygiene
What is a key component of contemporary nursing issues?
Ethical and social values
What is the role of the American Nurses Association (ANA) in nursing practice?
Establishing standards of professional nursing practice
What is the primary goal of the nursing process?
Making clinical decisions
Which of the following ANA Standards of Professional Performance is concerned with the nurse's ability to consider the impact of the environment on patient care?
Environmental Evaluation
Which of the following is NOT a role of the nurse according to Professional Responsibilities and Roles?
Pharmacist
Which of the following advanced practice registered nurses is responsible for providing anesthesia care to patients?
Certified registered nurse anesthetist
What is a potential benefit of understanding the history of the nursing profession?
Increased understanding of the social and intellectual origins of the discipline
Which of the following is a step in the nursing process?
Implementation
Which of the following is an example of a nurse educator role?
Developing a curriculum for a nursing program
What is a key principle of Nightingale's Environmental Theory?
The environment plays a significant role in the patient's recovery
Which of the following is an example of a contemporary nursing issue?
The impact of staffing ratios on patient outcomes
Who is a pioneer in the nursing profession known for developing the philosophy of environmental adaptation?
Dorothy Johnson
What is a benefit of specializing in a particular area of nursing practice?
All of the above
What was the primary focus of Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory?
Creating a healthy environment for patients through ventilation, light, and hygiene
Who was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities?
Mary Adelaide Nutting
What was a significant development in nursing in the 1920s?
The beginning of nursing specialization
What is a key aspect of patient-centered care, as outlined in QSEN?
Recognizing the patient or designee as the source of control
Who was the first educated African American nurse?
Mary Mahoney
What is a major concern in contemporary nursing?
The lack of access to health care for marginalized populations
What was Florence Nightingale's contribution to the development of epidemiology?
She was a practicing epidemiologist
What was a significant development in nursing in 1994?
The University of Washington Medical Center became the first Magnet-designated organization
Who, along with Mary Brewster, established the Henry Street Settlement?
Lillian Wald
What is a major trend in contemporary nursing?
The emphasis on evidence-based practice
What is the primary goal of quality improvement in healthcare?
To continuously improve the quality and safety of healthcare systems
What is the role of State Boards of Nursing in relation to Nurse Practice Acts?
To oversee the implementation of NPAs
What is the primary focus of evidence-based practice in healthcare?
Integrating best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences
What is the purpose of licensure in nursing?
To protect public health, safety, and welfare
What is the role of informatics in healthcare?
To use information and technology to support decision making
What is the primary focus of safety in healthcare?
Minimizing risk of harm to patients and providers
What is the purpose of certification in nursing?
To demonstrate expertise in a specific specialty
What is the purpose of continuing and in-service education in nursing?
To provide ongoing education and training for nurses
What is the role of the NCLEX-RN examination in nursing?
To grant initial licensure to nurses
What is the purpose of graduate education in nursing?
To prepare advanced practice nurses for certification
Study Notes
Florence Nightingale
- Established the first nursing philosophy, known as Nightingale's Environmental Theory, focused on health maintenance and restoration through environmental improvements (ventilation, light, reduced noise, hygiene, and nutrition)
- Organized the first program for training nurses
- Was the first practicing epidemiologist
- Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals, and her practices remain a fundamental part of nursing today
Civil War to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
- Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross
- Dorothea Lynde Dix organized hospitals during the Civil War
- Mary Ann Ball (Mother Bickerdyke) helped Dix during the Civil War
- Harriet Tubman played a key role in the Underground Railroad Movement
- Mary Mahoney was the first educated African American nurse
- Isabel Hampton Robb established the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the American Journal of Nursing
- Lillian Wald opened the Henry Street Settlement, and Mary Brewster also contributed to its establishment
Twentieth Century
- There was a movement towards scientific, research-based practice and a defined body of knowledge
- Nurses assumed expanded roles
- Mary Adelaide Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities (1906)
- Nursing specialization began in the 1920s
- The ANA established the Center for Ethics and Human Rights in 1990
- The University of Washington Medical Center became the first Magnet-designated organization in 1994
Twenty-First Century
- Nurses are revising nursing practice and school curricula to meet the needs of an ever-changing society
- Key factors influencing this change include:
- Aging population
- Cultural diversity
- Bioterrorism
- Emerging infections
- Disaster management
Contemporary Influences
- The importance of nurses' self-care
- Healthcare reform and costs
- Demographic changes
- Medically underserved populations
Trends in Nursing
- Evidence-based practice
- Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
- The impact of emerging technologies
- Genomics
- Public perception of nursing
- The impact of nursing on politics and health policy
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
- Patient-centered care: recognizing the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care
- Teamwork and collaboration: functioning effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams
- Competencies include:
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Outcomes identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Professional Performance
- Ethics
- Advocacy
- Respectful and equitable practice
- Communication
- Collaboration
- Leadership
- Education
- Scholarly inquiry
- Quality of practice
- Professional practice evaluation
- Resource stewardship
- Environmental evaluation
Professional Responsibilities and Roles
- Autonomy and accountability
- Caregiver
- Advocate
- Educator
- Communicator
- Manager
Career Development
- Clinician
- Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs):
- Clinical nurse specialist
- Nurse practitioner
- Certified nurse-midwife
- Certified registered nurse anesthetist
- Nurse educator
- Nurse administrator
- Nurse researcher
Historical Influences
- Nurses respond to the needs of patients and actively participate in determining best practices
- Understanding the history of the nursing profession increases knowledge of the social and intellectual origins of the discipline
Nursing as a Profession
- To act professionally, nurses will:
- Use critical thinking skills
- Administer quality patient-centered care
- Be responsible and accountable
- Understand the scope of professional nursing practice and its influence on patients, their families, and communities
Science and Art of Nursing Practice
- Nursing requires:
- Current knowledge and practice standards
- Insightful and compassionate approach
- Critical thinking and clinical judgment
Benner: From Novice to Expert
- Novice: beginner nurse student with no nursing experience
- Advanced beginner: some level of experience, maybe only observational
- Competent: a nurse who has been in the same clinical position for 2-3 years
- Proficient: a nurse with more than 2-3 years of experience
- Expert: a nurse with diverse experience who has an intuitive grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem
Test your knowledge on Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, and her contributions to the field, including her environmental theory and nursing practices.
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