Flood Management Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary benefit of controlled breaching?

It helps reduce flood pressures on levees. (correct)

It provides immediate flood insurance.

It prevents all types of flooding.

It guarantees no damage to properties.

What challenge does controlled breaching present?

It requires less planning and management.

It may result in unpredictable water flow behavior. (correct)

It always leads to flooding in urban areas.

It guarantees no damage to properties following its implementation.

Why is levee armoring important?

It eliminates the need for flood risk assessments.

It enhances the durability and effectiveness of levees. (correct)

It prevents all types of environmental degradation.

It increases the risk of levee failure.

What is one of the key purposes of levee armoring?

To protect against erosion and enhance structural integrity. Signup and view all the answers

What is riprap in the context of levee armoring?

Large, loose rocks placed on levee surfaces for protection. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of controlled breaching?

It can cause substantial damage in the breach area. Signup and view all the answers

How does levee armoring help in flood risk reduction?

By enabling levees to withstand higher water pressures. Signup and view all the answers

What does controlled breaching aim to prevent?

Severe damage through sudden levee failures. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of awareness campaigns related to flood safety?

Homeowners might invest in property elevation. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of flood safety do training sessions primarily address?

Improving public safety through clear instructions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant weakness of flood education efforts described?

Limited reach to the community. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for people to practice evacuation plans?

So they can react quickly in an emergency. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of community engagement in flood prevention?

Local awareness campaigns led by the community. Signup and view all the answers

What does flood risk education primarily aim to achieve?

To inform about flood zones and safety tips. Signup and view all the answers

What approach can enhance individuals' emergency preparedness during floods?

Training sessions for first aid and emergency planning. Signup and view all the answers

How does inconsistent effort in flood education manifest?

Some areas have limited or ineffective educational programs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS)?

To alert the public of impending floods Signup and view all the answers

How does Marikina City manage its flood risk?

By implementing zoning policies to restrict development Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is known for conducting disaster preparedness training in flood-prone regions?

Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation (PDRF) Signup and view all the answers

What does the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) aim to promote?

Financial protection for citizens in flood-prone areas Signup and view all the answers

What role does PAGASA play in flood management?

Operating a flood forecasting and warning system Signup and view all the answers

Which measure is taken by local governments to minimize exposure to flood risks?

Restricting development in high-risk floodplains Signup and view all the answers

What action has been taken in Cagayan de Oro regarding flood preparedness?

Conducting disaster preparedness training exercises Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) insurance?

It provides compensation for government employees after floods Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of having multiple layers of safety in flood mitigation?

If one measure fails, others continue to provide safety. Signup and view all the answers

Why are non-structural strategies considered flexible in flood adaptation?

They can be easily modified without major construction. Signup and view all the answers

What potential drawback is associated with relying heavily on physical barriers for flood prevention?

They may give people a false sense of confidence in safety. Signup and view all the answers

What role do zoning laws play in the layered approach to flood mitigation?

They restrict building in areas prone to flooding. Signup and view all the answers

How do empowered communities contribute to flood preparedness?

They become more informed and actively manage their own safety. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential environmental consequence of large-scale flood control projects?

Disrupting ecosystems and affecting wildlife. Signup and view all the answers

Why is complex coordination a challenge in the combined approach to flood mitigation?

It involves multiple groups working together effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of construction standards and building codes in flood-prone areas?

They are crucial for ensuring safe structures in flood-risk areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP)?

To guide construction of functional and disaster-resilient structures Signup and view all the answers

What requirement does the NBCP impose on buildings located in flood-prone areas?

Buildings must be elevated above known flood levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does the Water Code of the Philippines manage?

Regulation of water resources, including floodwaters Signup and view all the answers

What do the Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the NBCP provide?

Detailed instructions for implementing the NBCP in flood-prone areas Signup and view all the answers

How do local government ordinances complement national laws regarding flood management?

They allow for additional regulations specific to local conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of zoning ordinances in relation to flood management?

To manage land use and development to prevent increased flood risks Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for buildings in flood zones to use water-resistant materials?

To minimize potential damage from flooding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the National Building Code of the Philippines?

Recommends aesthetic design choices for urban buildings Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Controlled Breaching

Controlled breaching is a last resort strategy to manage extreme flooding situations.
Creates a controlled breach in a levee to relieve flood pressure and prevent catastrophic failures.
Benefits:
- Prevents more severe and uncontrolled breaches that could lead to extensive damage.
- Reduces the risk of sudden and catastrophic levee failure.
Challenges:
- Unpredictable water flow behavior could lead to unintended consequences.
- Can cause significant damage to the breached areas.

Levee Armoring

A technique to enhance the durability of levees by protecting them from erosion and degradation.
Methods involve applying various materials and reinforcement techniques.
Purposes of Levee Armoring:
- Prevents erosion caused by flowing water, wind, and other environmental factors.
- Increases the levee's lifespan, reducing the need for frequent repairs and maintenance.
- Enhances flood protection for adjacent areas by improving the levee's resistance to high water pressures and extreme weather events.
Common Armoring Techniques:
- Riprap:
  - Large, loose rocks or stones placed on the levee surface to prevent erosion.
  - Provides robust protection against erosion and is relatively easy to install.

Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS)

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) operates a flood forecasting and warning system.
Alerts the public of impending floods, reducing loss of life and property damage.
Enhanced FEWS using rainfall and river gauges provides timely warnings through text messages and local media.

Floodplain Zoning and Land Use Regulation

Local governments in flood-prone areas implement zoning ordinances to limit development in high-risk floodplains.
Prevents new developments in vulnerable areas, minimizing future flood risks.
Marikina City restricts residential and commercial development near the Marikina River and relocates informal settlers from high-risk areas.

Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (CBDRRM) Programs

Local government units (LGUs) and NGOs develop community-based programs for flood preparedness and response.
Focus on training communities for effective flood response and creating evacuation plans.
Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation (PDRF) conducts training and drills in flood-prone regions, including Cagayan de Oro, Metro Manila, and Leyte.

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)

Insurance for properties located in flood-prone areas is promoted to provide financial protection.
The Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) offers insurance to properties against natural disasters, including floods, aiding recovery efforts.

Public Education and Awareness

Flood education and awareness campaigns aim to improve public safety and reduce the impact of flooding.
Focuses on:
- Flood Risk Education:
  - Workshops and seminars to explain flood risks and safety measures.
  - Informational materials provide details on flood zones, evacuation routes, and safety tips.
- Emergency Preparedness Training:
  - Training sessions on first aid, family emergency plans, and disaster kit preparation.
  - Drills and simulations for practicing evacuation and response procedures.
- Community Engagement Programs:
  - Volunteer programs for activities like river clean-ups and flood watch groups.
  - Local awareness campaigns to promote flood risks and safety measures.

Flood Mitigation: Structural vs. Non-Structural Measures

Structural measures:
- Physical barriers like dams, levees, and floodwalls.
- Provide direct protection against floodwaters.
Non-structural measures:
- Floodplain zoning, land use regulations, public education, and community engagement.
- Reduce flood risk and vulnerabilities by addressing underlying contributing factors.

Combined Approach to Flood Mitigation

Structural and non-structural measures work together to offer layered protection against flood risks.
Ensuring that communities are resilient to floods regardless of unexpected flood events.

Pros and Cons of Structural vs. Non-Structural Flood Mitigation

Pros of Combined Approaches:
- Multiple layers of safety.
- Flexible adaptation to emerging risks.
- Nature-friendly practices.
- Empowered communities.
Cons of Combined Approaches:
- High costs.
- Potential for false confidence in structural measures.
- Environmental disruption from construction projects.
- Complex coordination between different stakeholder groups.

Construction Standards and Building Codes in the Philippines

National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP):
- Ensures structures are designed for resilience against natural disasters, including floods.
- Requires buildings in flood-prone areas to be elevated above known flood levels.
- Promotes proper drainage systems and water-resistant construction materials.
Water Code of the Philippines:
- Regulates water resource management, including floodwater control.
- Emphasizes the importance of building flood control systems like drainage channels and barriers.
Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the National Building Code:
- Provides specific guidelines for construction in flood-prone areas.
- Requires building designs to minimize potential flood damage.
Local Government Ordinances:
- Complement national laws with additional rules tailored to specific areas.
- May require higher building elevations or stronger drainage systems in flood-prone areas.
Zoning Ordinances:
- Manage land use to prevent development that increases flood risks.

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Description

This quiz explores two critical flood management techniques: controlled breaching and levee armoring. You'll learn about the benefits and challenges of controlled breaching as a strategy for managing extreme flooding, alongside the reinforcement methods used in levee armoring to enhance durability and flood protection. Test your knowledge on these essential flood control measures!