Flood Impact and Recovery Strategies

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Questions and Answers

Match the following areas in Nghe An province with their associated agricultural impact:

Quynh Luu = 4,700 poultry dead Yen Thanh = 47 ha of aquaculture ponds damaged Dien Chau = 343 ha of aquaculture ponds damaged

Match the following climatic phenomena with their respective causes or impacts:

Flooding = Increased temperature and little rainfall Droughts = Late rainy season and uneven rainfall distribution Extreme rainfall = High occurrence from May to July Poultry death = Submerging from extreme floods

Match the following years with their associated weather events in Nghe An:

1990 = Prolonged droughts occurred 1996 = Extremely high rainfall causing floods 2010 = Extremely high rainfall causing floods 2013 = Extremely high rainfall causing floods

Match the percentage increase with its corresponding variable in Nghe An province:

Temperature increase = 0.7°C - 3.7°C Annual rainfall increase = 10.2% - 26.4% Probability of flooding in Dien Chau = 27.57% Probability of flooding in Yen Thanh = 6% Signup and view all the answers

Match the damage type with the estimated financial loss in Nghe An province:

Damaged houses = 65 million USD Rice damage = 10.6 million USD Inundated maize and vegetables = Not specified Poultry death = Not specified Signup and view all the answers

Match the following districts with their associated agricultural damage areas:

Quynh Luu = 786 ha inundated Yen Thanh = 222 ha damaged Dien Chau = 2,440 ha inundated Signup and view all the answers

Match the following research entities with the information they provided:

Pham, 2020 = Adverse influence of climate change MONRE, 2016 = Forecasting temperature and rainfall changes Vietnam National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting, 2020 = Historical data on droughts Do and Tran, 2017 = Flooding probabilities in districts Signup and view all the answers

Match the following climatic consequences with their timing:

Increase temperature = May to July Little rainfall = May to July Water shortage = May to July High extreme rainfall = May to July Signup and view all the answers

Match the following climatic events with their effects on agriculture:

Floods = Reduced land fertility and damaged crops Drought = Induced water shortage and affected crop growth Cold spells = Reduced households' vulnerability to climatic stresses Monsoon period = Caused injury or death for people Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Farm size = Positive effect on households' vulnerability to climatic stresses Agricultural output = Reduced by severe climatic stresses Temporary dams = Did not meet agricultural production requirements Extra farmland = Increased vulnerability for rice producers Signup and view all the answers

Match the following variables with their corresponding descriptions in the beta regression equation:

Age = Demographic factor influencing LVI Income_sources = Source of household income Farm_size = Size of agricultural land Training = Capability enhancement for farmers Signup and view all the answers

Match the following challenges faced by farmers during climatic events:

Loss of agricultural land = Impact of floods Difficulty in obtaining assistance = Complicated processes with local authorities Increased production cost = Holding multiple small plots Food scarcity = Result of severe climatic stresses Signup and view all the answers

Match the following responses to climatic stresses with their consequences:

Creating crop varieties = To survive prolonged droughts or inundations Engaging in agricultural business = Confronting many difficulties due to shocks Receiving assistance from authorities = Limited in both amount and process Utilizing small reservoirs = Inadequate for agricultural production Signup and view all the answers

Match the following climate events with their effects on agriculture:

Heat_waves = Increased drought conditions Cold_spells = Reduction in crop yield Floods = Waterlogging of fields Droughts = Water scarcity issues Signup and view all the answers

Match the following studies with their focus areas:

Nguyen and Leisz, 2021 = Impact of farm size on vulnerability Ray et al., 2018 = Effects of climatic stresses on livelihoods People Committee of Nghe An, 2020 = Preparedness for flood adaptation strategies Shahzad et al., 2021 = Consequences of losing land, crops, and animals Signup and view all the answers

Match the following demographic statistics with their corresponding values:

Mean age of farmers = 55 years old Proportion of male household heads = 79% Average number of family laborers = 3 Percentage of respondents with formal education = 98.7% Signup and view all the answers

Match the following agricultural challenges with their specific impacts:

Severe floods = Damaged infrastructure Prolonged drought = Caused food scarcity Loss of crops = Affecting agricultural output Cold spells = Reduction of vulnerability Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their relevance in the study area:

Formal_credit = Access to financial resources Agricultural_cooperative = Collective farming efforts Transportation = Means to market produce Irrigation = Water supply for crops Signup and view all the answers

Match the following keywords with their related definitions:

Infrastructure damage = Harm caused by floods Vulnerability = Households' susceptibility to climatic stresses Compensating for losses = Finding other jobs due to shocks Assistance limitations = Challenges in receiving help during disasters Signup and view all the answers

Match the following variables with their roles in agriculture:

Family_laborer = Household labor contribution Agricultural_mechanization = Use of technology in farming Of_farm_income = Earnings outside agriculture Farmer_association = Community support network Signup and view all the answers

Match the following metrics with their meanings in the beta regression model:

Log-odds ratio change = Effect of variable on LVI Unit rise in variable = Influence on outcome Dummy variable = Binary explanatory variable Explanatory variables = Factors affecting the outcome Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their effects on farmers:

Flood adaptation strategies = Insufficient preparation by households Small plots = Increased production costs for rice producers Water reservoirs = Failed to support agricultural production needs Limited local authority assistance = Difficulties facing farmers during disasters Signup and view all the answers

Match the following households characteristics with their context:

Labor shortage = Problem during peak cropping season Small farm size = Range from 0.02 ha to 2.35 ha High percentage of older farmers = Implicates demographic challenges Family labor dependency = Risks in labor-intensive periods Signup and view all the answers

Match the following regions with their identification in the study:

Dien_Chau = Geographic area in the study Quynh_Luu = Another geographic area surveyed Nghe An province = Overall location of households Surveyed households = Sample population for research Signup and view all the answers

Match the crops with their potential yields in tons/ha:

VT 505 = 7.6 - 8.6 tons/ha Nhi Uu 986 = 4.8 - 5.2 tons/ha Thai Xuyen 111 = 4.8 - 5.2 tons/ha G97 = 7.6 - 8.6 tons/ha Signup and view all the answers

Match the authors' acknowledgments with the respective contributions:

Dr. Madhusmita Dash = Suggestions from conference participants Dr. Dil Rahut = Valuable suggestions Dr. Aryal = Valuable suggestions Dr. Nophea Sasaki = Contribution to the paper Signup and view all the answers

Match the practices with their purposes:

Crop diversification = Adapting to climate change Integrating crops-livestock = Alternative production option Modifying planting schedule = Reduce water shortage Connecting cooperatives = Support effective operation Signup and view all the answers

Match the challenges with their descriptions:

Droughts = Frequent water shortages Storms = Shocks during rainy season Flash floods = Risks to rice production Water shortage = Increased crop risks Signup and view all the answers

Match the financial support with their origins:

World Bank Group = Agricultural land use project Local cooperatives = Connecting farmers and stakeholders Research institutions = Scientific and technical knowledge Government programs = Training human resources Signup and view all the answers

Match the agricultural challenges to their corresponding solutions mentioned in the findings:

Floods = Effective irrigation systems Droughts = Input subsidies Household vulnerability = Training and consultant services Lack of financial services = Low interest rate financial programs Signup and view all the answers

Match the crops listed for diversification with their types:

Short-term vegetables = Onion Melon = Sesame Herbals = Eggplant Maize = Diverse production option Signup and view all the answers

Match the regions in Vietnam to their contribution to the national rice productivity:

Mekong Delta = 56% of national productivity Central Coast Region = 16% of national productivity Red River Delta = 14% of national productivity Other regions = 14% of national productivity Signup and view all the answers

Match the stakeholders with their roles in the supply chain:

Farmers = Producers of crops Cooperatives = Connectors in the supply chain Stakeholders = Supportive partners Researchers = Providers of scientific knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Match the entities that need to strengthen their social networks:

Farmers = Consultants Local governments = Agricultural cooperatives Signup and view all the answers

Match the project goals with their descriptions:

Agricultural reconstruction = Enhancing food security Climate change adaptation = Sustainable land management Strengthening scientific capacity = Improving agricultural practices Training human resources = Building local expertise Signup and view all the answers

Match the climatic stresses with their impact on agriculture:

Climate extremes = Threatening food production Floods = Disruption of livelihoods Droughts = Reduction in rice yield Increased temperatures = Higher agricultural costs Signup and view all the answers

Match the statistical data to their respective regions:

Mekong Delta = 56% of national rice productivity Central Coast Region = Includes North Central Coast Red River Delta = 14% of rice production Other regions = Northeast, Northwest, etc. Signup and view all the answers

Match the agricultural practices to their intended adaptations:

Input subsidies = Enhancing production capacity Training = Building resilience Consultant services = Strategic planning Irrigation systems = Water management efficiency Signup and view all the answers

Match the contributors to enhancing farmers' capacities:

Social networks = Farmers collaboration Financial services = Low interest rates Input subsidies = Affordable resources Training programs = Skill development Signup and view all the answers

Match the sources of agricultural data to their references:

Hoang et al., 2020 = Impacts on smallholder households IPCC, 2014 = Natural resource threats Nguyen et al., 2019 = Climatic stress in Vietnam General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2020 = Rice cultivation statistics Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Climate Change and Its Impact on Farmers in Nghe An Province

In 2020, extreme flooding in Nghe An caused damages exceeding 65 million USD, impacting over 3,300 houses and affecting 10,000 livelihoods.
Approximately 2,900 ha of rice were damaged, resulting in an estimated loss of 10.6 million USD.
Maize and vegetable crops sustained damage on about 2,440 ha; specific losses include 957 ha in Quynh Luu, 126 ha in Yen Thanh, and 786 ha in Dien Chau.
Flooding resulted in the death of 5,400 poultry, predominantly in Quynh Luu (4,700) and Yen Thanh (200).

Climate Change Projections for Nghe An

Historical data forecasts average temperature increase in Nghe An by 0.7°C to 3.7°C by 2100.
Annual rainfall is predicted to rise by 10.2% to 26.4%, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Flood risks in Dien Chau, Quynh Luu, and Yen Thanh are projected to be 27.57%, 16%, and 6%, respectively, for the period 2080-2099.

Environmental Challenges and Historical Droughts

Prolonged droughts historically occurred in years like 1990, 1997–1998, and 2003–2004 due to delayed rainy seasons and uneven rainfall distribution.
Notably high rainfall in 1996, 2010, and 2013 resulted in widespread flooding, impacting agricultural production.

Farm and Household Characteristics

Mean age of surveyed household heads is 55 years, indicating a predominance of older farmers; 79% of heads are male.
The average size of farmland is small, ranging from 0.02 ha to 2.35 ha, heightening households' vulnerability.
Labor shortages during peak cropping periods are prevalent, affecting agricultural productivity and household incomes.

Vulnerability and Adaptation

Floods damage infrastructure and reduce land fertility, while droughts induce water shortages, affecting crop growth and agricultural output.
Adaptation strategies suggested include crop diversification, such as growing short-term vegetables to mitigate risks from drought and inundation.
Collaborative efforts through agricultural cooperatives can enhance farmers' resilience and improve marketing activities.

Recommendations for Supporting Farmers

Strengthening cooperation among farmers, cooperatives, and local governments is essential for improving adaptive capacity.
Providing subsidies, effective irrigation systems, training, and low-interest financial services can better equip farmers to deal with climatic stresses.
Encouragement of diverse agricultural practices and knowledge sharing within the farming community are vital for sustainable development in the region.

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Description

This quiz explores the effects of floods on communities, focusing on infrastructure damage and the impact on agricultural sectors during monsoon periods. It also examines the challenges faced by households in receiving assistance and finding alternative jobs post-disaster.