11 Questions
What can cause a flood?
Severe storm with melting snow
Why do floods often occur in Pakistan?
As a result of river course shifting and bank erosion
How can a river flood be caused by an earthquake?
By causing bank erosion
What are the consequences of floods as mentioned in the text?
Disruption of communication
What indirect losses can be caused by floods?
Outbreak of epidemic diseases
What is the main difference between the Standard Project Flood (SPF) and the Maximum Probable Flood (MPF)?
The SPF is based on observed rainfall and flows, while the MPF includes extremely rare and catastrophic floods.
What is the main purpose of determining the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP)?
To estimate the maximum depth of precipitation that is meteorologically possible.
What is the typical relationship between the Standard Project Flood (SPF) and the Maximum Probable Flood (MPF) for a basin?
The SPF is usually around 80% of the MPF.
In the absence of sufficient storm data for a given basin, how can the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) be estimated?
By transposing a severe storm from a neighboring catchment that is meteorologically homogeneous.
What is the main purpose of the Maximum Probable Flood (MPF)?
To design the spillways of high dams.
Which of the following is a key difference between the Standard Project Flood (SPF) and the Probable Maximum Flood (MPF)?
The SPF is based on rainfall and flows that have not been observed, while the MPF is based on observed data.
Learn about the causes and impacts of floods, including severe storms, melting snow, shifting river courses, earthquakes, and breached flood banks. Explore how floods have affected regions like Pakistan in the recent past.
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