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Causes and Impacts of Floods

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Questions and Answers

What can cause a flood?

Excessive heat wave

Volcanic eruption

Severe storm with melting snow (correct)

Drought conditions

Why do floods often occur in Pakistan?

As a result of river course shifting and bank erosion (correct)

Due to lack of rainfall

Due to excessive river water management

Because of drought conditions

How can a river flood be caused by an earthquake?

By blocking the river flow

By causing bank erosion (correct)

By reducing water levels in the river

By creating a drought in the region

What are the consequences of floods as mentioned in the text?

Disruption of communication Signup and view all the answers

What indirect losses can be caused by floods?

Outbreak of epidemic diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the Standard Project Flood (SPF) and the Maximum Probable Flood (MPF)?

The SPF is based on observed rainfall and flows, while the MPF includes extremely rare and catastrophic floods. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of determining the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP)?

To estimate the maximum depth of precipitation that is meteorologically possible. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical relationship between the Standard Project Flood (SPF) and the Maximum Probable Flood (MPF) for a basin?

The SPF is usually around 80% of the MPF. Signup and view all the answers

In the absence of sufficient storm data for a given basin, how can the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) be estimated?

By transposing a severe storm from a neighboring catchment that is meteorologically homogeneous. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Maximum Probable Flood (MPF)?

To design the spillways of high dams. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between the Standard Project Flood (SPF) and the Probable Maximum Flood (MPF)?

The SPF is based on rainfall and flows that have not been observed, while the MPF is based on observed data. Signup and view all the answers