Flipped Classroom and Individualized Learning

Flipped Classroom and Individualized Learning

• Inverts traditional teaching model, delivering instructional content outside the classroom, and allowing class time for interactive activities and practice.
• Recognizes importance of catering to individual learner needs and preferences, promoting self-directed learning and autonomy.

Language Learning Theories

• Behaviorist Perspective (Skinner): Emphasizes imitation, repetition, and reinforcement.
• Innateness Hypothesis (Chomsky): Suggests humans have an innate capacity for language acquisition.
• Critical Period Hypothesis: Proposes a biologically determined window of time for optimal language acquisition.
• Input Hypothesis (Krashen): Argues language acquisition occurs when learners receive input slightly beyond their current proficiency level.
• Affective Factors: Emphasizes role of motivation, attitude, and anxiety in language learning.
• Cognitive Factors: Focuses on cognitive processes such as memory, attention, and problem-solving in language acquisition.
• Sociocultural Perspective (Vygotsky): Highlights importance of social interaction and cultural context in language development.
• Interlanguage Development: Describes the evolving and dynamic nature of learner language.

Language Teaching and Learning

• Language teaching and learning is a multifaceted and dynamic process that involves acquisition and development of linguistic and communicative competence.
• Involves various factors such as linguistic theory, pedagogical approaches, cultural considerations, and individual learner characteristics.
• Employs language learning strategies, feedback, and corrective input to enhance language acquisition.

Language Learning Strategies

• Techniques and behaviors learners employ to enhance language acquisition, such as memorization, metacognition, and social strategies.
• Feedback and corrective input: The role of feedback in helping learners recognize and correct errors in their language use.

Assessment in Language Teaching and Learning

• Formative Assessment: Ongoing assessment during the learning process to inform instruction and identify areas for improvement.
• Summative Assessment: Evaluation of learner achievement at the end of a course or instructional period.
• Performance Assessment: Evaluation based on learners' ability to use language in real-life tasks or situations.
• Standardized Testing: The use of standardized tests to measure language proficiency, often for institutional or certification purposes.
• Portfolio Assessment: Compilation of learners' work over time to demonstrate progress and achievement.

Teaching Reading

• Effective reading instruction encompasses a range of strategies and activities to engage learners, build vocabulary, and foster a love for reading.
• Involves assessment and differentiation, pre-reading activities, vocabulary building, reading aloud, guided reading, independent reading, comprehension strategies, literary elements, response and reflection, and assessment and feedback.

Reading Strategies

• Inferencing: Drawing logical conclusions and making educated guesses based on textual evidence and background knowledge.
• Skimming and Scanning: Quickly reviewing a text for main ideas (skimming) or searching for specific information (scanning).
• Summarization: Condensing the main ideas of a text into a concise form.
• Metacognition: Thinking about one's own thinking process; awareness and control of cognitive processes.
• Text Structure Recognition: Understanding how texts are organized, including identifying main ideas, supporting details, and text features.
• Synthesis: Integrating information from multiple sources to form a cohesive understanding.