Flight Operations in Class A and B Airspace

Questions and Answers

While flying cross-country in the Northern Hemisphere, you experience a continuous left crosswind which is associated with a major wind system. This indicates that you

Are flying toward an area of favorable weather conditions.

Are flying directly into the wind.

Are flying toward an area of generally unfavorable weather conditions. (correct)

Are flying with the wind.

The strength and location of the jet stream is normally

Weaker and farther north in the summer. (correct)

Stronger and farther south in the winter.

Stronger and farther north in the summer.

Weak and fluctuates without a pattern.

The jet stream and associated clear air turbulence can sometimes be visually identified in flight by

Cumulus clouds.

Low stratus clouds.

Long streaks of cirrus clouds. (correct)

Thunderstorm activity.

What is the standard temperature at 10,000 feet?

-5°C Signup and view all the answers

An increase in temperature with an altitude increase

Is an indication of an inversion. Signup and view all the answers

Which cloud types would indicate convective turbulence?

Towering cumulus clouds. Signup and view all the answers

The presence of standing lenticular altocumulus clouds is a good indication of

Very strong turbulence. Signup and view all the answers

The stability of an air mass can usually be determined by

Cloud types and the type of precipitation. Signup and view all the answers

What lifts advection fog into low stratus clouds?

Surface winds of approximately 15 knots or stronger. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of stable air?

Poor visibility; steady precipitation; stratus clouds. Signup and view all the answers

Which would increase the stability of an air mass?

Cooling from below. Signup and view all the answers

Which is true regarding the development of convective circulation?

Cool air must sink to force the warm air upward. Signup and view all the answers

The most severe weather conditions, such as destructive winds, heavy hail, and tornadoes, are generally associated with

Squall lines. Signup and view all the answers

Which is true regarding flight operations in Class A airspace?

Aircraft must be equipped with an ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment. Signup and view all the answers

Which is true regarding flight operations in Class B airspace?

Must be equipped with an ATC transponder. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum indicated airspeed authorized in the airspace underlying Class B airspace?

200 knots Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum indicated airspeed permitted when operating within 4 NM of the primary airport in Class D airspace?

200 knots Signup and view all the answers

What is the radius of the uncharted Outer Area of Class C airspace?

20 NM Signup and view all the answers

At some airports located in Class D airspace where ground visibility is not reported, under what condition are takeoffs and landings under special VFR authorized?

If the flight visibility is at least 1 SM Signup and view all the answers

Which is true regarding flight operations to or from a satellite airport without an operating control tower, within the Class C airspace area?

A pilot must establish and maintain communication with the ATC serving facility. Signup and view all the answers

To operate an airplane under SPECIAL VFR (SVFR) within Class D airspace at night, what is required?

The pilot must hold an instrument rating, and the airplane must be equipped for instrument flight. Signup and view all the answers

When approaching to land at an airport with an ATC facility in Class D airspace, when must the pilot establish communications?

Prior to 4 NM, up to and including 2,500 feet AGL. Signup and view all the answers

Excluding Hawaii, what are the vertical limits of the Federal Low Altitude airways?

1,200 feet AGL up to, but not including, 18,000 feet MSL. Signup and view all the answers

When operating an aircraft in the vicinity of an airport with an operating control tower in Class E airspace, when must a pilot establish communications?

Prior to 4 NM, and up to and including 2,500 feet AGL. Signup and view all the answers

If you receive a VFR clearance to enter the San Francisco Class B airspace at 8,500 ft, what are the VFR cloud clearance and visibility requirements in that area?

3 SM visibility and clear of clouds. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate VFR cruising altitude for a flight on a magnetic course of 090° above 3,000 ft AGL?

5,500 ft. Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum altitude an airplane may be operated unless necessary for takeoff and landing?

An altitude allowing for an emergency landing without undue hazard. Signup and view all the answers

How many days after an accident is a report required to be filed with the nearest NTSB field office?

10 Signup and view all the answers

What period of time must a person be hospitalized for an injury to be defined as a 'serious injury' by the NTSB?

48 hours; commencing within 7 days after the date of the injury. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum indicated airspeed at which a person may operate an aircraft below 10,000 feet MSL?

250 knots. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum indicated airspeed at which an aircraft may be flown in a satellite airport traffic pattern located within Class B airspace?

250 knots. Signup and view all the answers

Altitude multiplies the effects of alcohol.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is required before beginning any flight under IFR?

Become familiar with all available information concerning that flight. Signup and view all the answers

What must pilots do to cope with spatial disorientation?

Rely on proficient use of the aircraft instruments. Signup and view all the answers

What should pilots do to manage flight deck stress?

Condition themselves to relax and think rationally. Signup and view all the answers

Which marking indicates a vehicle lane?

C. Signup and view all the answers

How can you determine if another aircraft is on a collision course with your aircraft?

There will be no apparent relative motion between your aircraft and the other aircraft. Signup and view all the answers

What is a state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information sent to the brain by various sensory organs?

Spatial disorientation. Signup and view all the answers

What are hazardous attitudes contributing to poor pilot judgment?

Peer pressure, get-there-itis, loss of awareness, and operating without adequate fuel reserves. Signup and view all the answers

What techniques should be used to scan for traffic during straight-and-level flight?

Systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals. Signup and view all the answers

What causes wind?

Pressure differences. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Flight Operations in Various Airspaces

Class A airspace requires instrument flight rules (IFR) operations.
Aircraft in Class A must have an ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment.
Class B airspace requires pilots to obtain ATC clearance before entering.
The maximum indicated airspeed authorized in the airspace below Class B is 200 knots.
Maximum indicated airspeed within Class D airspace is capped at 200 knots within 4 NM of the primary airport.

Special VFR and Traffic Communication

Special VFR takeoffs and landings in Class D airspace require ATC authorization with a minimum visibility of 1 SM.
Pilots must establish communication with ATC before entering Class C airspace from a satellite airport without a control tower.
While approaching a field in Class D airspace, communications should be established 4 NM prior and up to 2,500 feet AGL.

Air Traffic and Operations Standards

Federal Low Altitude airspace extends from 1,200 feet AGL up to, but not including, 18,000 feet MSL.
Prior to landing, the pilot must ensure communication with ground control after clearing the runway.
Taxiway symbols indicate routes towards active runways; a proper understanding of these is vital.

Wake Turbulence and Safety

Pilots can reduce risk from wake turbulence by becoming airborne before reaching the jet’s flight path.
Wake turbulence is primarily hazardous due to potential loss of control from induced roll.
Vortex strength is more significant when the generating aircraft is heavy, clean, and slow.

Flight Planning and Regulations

The pilot in command has the ultimate authority to accept or decline a "land and hold short" (LAHSO) clearance.
During preflight, pilots must be familiar with runway lengths and alternatives in case of flight cancellation.
The VOR equipment check must be performed within the previous 30 days for IFR operations.

Emergency Procedures and Weather Considerations

In-flight emergencies allow pilots to deviate from ATC clearances as necessary.
Hypoxia's response involves descending to lower altitudes, and specific regulations dictate alcohol limits for pilots.
Pilots should recognize the symptoms of spatial disorientation and rely on instruments during such incidents.

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

ADM processes include identifying hazardous attitudes and managing stress through relaxation techniques.
The Decide Model for ADM involves steps such as detecting, estimating, choosing, identifying, doing, and evaluating outcomes.
Fatigue awareness is crucial; pilots must acknowledge fatigue can lead to errors.

Weather Patterns and Effects

Wind typically flows parallel to isobars due to Coriolis force balancing horizontal pressure gradients.
Pressure differences cause wind flow and influence navigational decisions.
Awareness of jet streams and their seasonal variations assists pilots in anticipating turbulence and hazards.

Cloud Characteristics and Turbulence

Continental weather phenomena like lenticular altitude clouds indicate strong turbulence conditions.
Characteristics of stable air include poor visibility and steady precipitation, often accompanied by stratus clouds.
Convective clouds, especially towering cumulus, indicate potential for turbulence and severe weather.

Additional Important Regulations

Approved flotation gear is mandated for aircraft flying over water beyond a power-off gliding distance from shore.
Blood alcohol level regulations for flying are strictly set to below 0.04%.
Notification to the NTSB is essential in incidents involving substantial damage or in-flight emergencies like fire.

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Test your knowledge about flight operations in Class A and B airspace with these flashcards. Each card provides a statement that you must assess for its truthfulness regarding airspace regulations. Perfect for pilot exam preparation and understanding air traffic control requirements.