Flight Operations in Class A and B Airspace
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Questions and Answers

While flying cross-country in the Northern Hemisphere, you experience a continuous left crosswind which is associated with a major wind system. This indicates that you

  • Are flying toward an area of favorable weather conditions.
  • Are flying directly into the wind.
  • Are flying toward an area of generally unfavorable weather conditions. (correct)
  • Are flying with the wind.

    • The strength and location of the jet stream is normally

  • Weaker and farther north in the summer. (correct)
  • Stronger and farther south in the winter.
  • Stronger and farther north in the summer.
  • Weak and fluctuates without a pattern.

    • The jet stream and associated clear air turbulence can sometimes be visually identified in flight by

  • Cumulus clouds.
  • Low stratus clouds.
  • Long streaks of cirrus clouds. (correct)
  • Thunderstorm activity.

    • What is the standard temperature at 10,000 feet?

    <p>-5°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An increase in temperature with an altitude increase

    <p>Is an indication of an inversion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cloud types would indicate convective turbulence?

    <p>Towering cumulus clouds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of standing lenticular altocumulus clouds is a good indication of

    <p>Very strong turbulence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stability of an air mass can usually be determined by

    <p>Cloud types and the type of precipitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifts advection fog into low stratus clouds?

    <p>Surface winds of approximately 15 knots or stronger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of stable air?

    <p>Poor visibility; steady precipitation; stratus clouds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which would increase the stability of an air mass?

    <p>Cooling from below.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true regarding the development of convective circulation?

    <p>Cool air must sink to force the warm air upward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most severe weather conditions, such as destructive winds, heavy hail, and tornadoes, are generally associated with

    <p>Squall lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true regarding flight operations in Class A airspace?

    <p>Aircraft must be equipped with an ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true regarding flight operations in Class B airspace?

    <p>Must be equipped with an ATC transponder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum indicated airspeed authorized in the airspace underlying Class B airspace?

    <p>200 knots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum indicated airspeed permitted when operating within 4 NM of the primary airport in Class D airspace?

    <p>200 knots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radius of the uncharted Outer Area of Class C airspace?

    <p>20 NM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At some airports located in Class D airspace where ground visibility is not reported, under what condition are takeoffs and landings under special VFR authorized?

    <p>If the flight visibility is at least 1 SM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true regarding flight operations to or from a satellite airport without an operating control tower, within the Class C airspace area?

    <p>A pilot must establish and maintain communication with the ATC serving facility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To operate an airplane under SPECIAL VFR (SVFR) within Class D airspace at night, what is required?

    <p>The pilot must hold an instrument rating, and the airplane must be equipped for instrument flight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When approaching to land at an airport with an ATC facility in Class D airspace, when must the pilot establish communications?

    <p>Prior to 4 NM, up to and including 2,500 feet AGL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excluding Hawaii, what are the vertical limits of the Federal Low Altitude airways?

    <p>1,200 feet AGL up to, but not including, 18,000 feet MSL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When operating an aircraft in the vicinity of an airport with an operating control tower in Class E airspace, when must a pilot establish communications?

    <p>Prior to 4 NM, and up to and including 2,500 feet AGL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you receive a VFR clearance to enter the San Francisco Class B airspace at 8,500 ft, what are the VFR cloud clearance and visibility requirements in that area?

    <p>3 SM visibility and clear of clouds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate VFR cruising altitude for a flight on a magnetic course of 090° above 3,000 ft AGL?

    <p>5,500 ft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum altitude an airplane may be operated unless necessary for takeoff and landing?

    <p>An altitude allowing for an emergency landing without undue hazard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many days after an accident is a report required to be filed with the nearest NTSB field office?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What period of time must a person be hospitalized for an injury to be defined as a 'serious injury' by the NTSB?

    <p>48 hours; commencing within 7 days after the date of the injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum indicated airspeed at which a person may operate an aircraft below 10,000 feet MSL?

    <p>250 knots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum indicated airspeed at which an aircraft may be flown in a satellite airport traffic pattern located within Class B airspace?

    <p>250 knots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Altitude multiplies the effects of alcohol.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required before beginning any flight under IFR?

    <p>Become familiar with all available information concerning that flight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must pilots do to cope with spatial disorientation?

    <p>Rely on proficient use of the aircraft instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should pilots do to manage flight deck stress?

    <p>Condition themselves to relax and think rationally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which marking indicates a vehicle lane?

    <p>C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you determine if another aircraft is on a collision course with your aircraft?

    <p>There will be no apparent relative motion between your aircraft and the other aircraft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information sent to the brain by various sensory organs?

    <p>Spatial disorientation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are hazardous attitudes contributing to poor pilot judgment?

    <p>Peer pressure, get-there-itis, loss of awareness, and operating without adequate fuel reserves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What techniques should be used to scan for traffic during straight-and-level flight?

    <p>Systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes wind?

    <p>Pressure differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Flight Operations in Various Airspaces

    • Class A airspace requires instrument flight rules (IFR) operations.
    • Aircraft in Class A must have an ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment.
    • Class B airspace requires pilots to obtain ATC clearance before entering.
    • The maximum indicated airspeed authorized in the airspace below Class B is 200 knots.
    • Maximum indicated airspeed within Class D airspace is capped at 200 knots within 4 NM of the primary airport.

    Special VFR and Traffic Communication

    • Special VFR takeoffs and landings in Class D airspace require ATC authorization with a minimum visibility of 1 SM.
    • Pilots must establish communication with ATC before entering Class C airspace from a satellite airport without a control tower.
    • While approaching a field in Class D airspace, communications should be established 4 NM prior and up to 2,500 feet AGL.

    Air Traffic and Operations Standards

    • Federal Low Altitude airspace extends from 1,200 feet AGL up to, but not including, 18,000 feet MSL.
    • Prior to landing, the pilot must ensure communication with ground control after clearing the runway.
    • Taxiway symbols indicate routes towards active runways; a proper understanding of these is vital.

    Wake Turbulence and Safety

    • Pilots can reduce risk from wake turbulence by becoming airborne before reaching the jet’s flight path.
    • Wake turbulence is primarily hazardous due to potential loss of control from induced roll.
    • Vortex strength is more significant when the generating aircraft is heavy, clean, and slow.

    Flight Planning and Regulations

    • The pilot in command has the ultimate authority to accept or decline a "land and hold short" (LAHSO) clearance.
    • During preflight, pilots must be familiar with runway lengths and alternatives in case of flight cancellation.
    • The VOR equipment check must be performed within the previous 30 days for IFR operations.

    Emergency Procedures and Weather Considerations

    • In-flight emergencies allow pilots to deviate from ATC clearances as necessary.
    • Hypoxia's response involves descending to lower altitudes, and specific regulations dictate alcohol limits for pilots.
    • Pilots should recognize the symptoms of spatial disorientation and rely on instruments during such incidents.

    Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

    • ADM processes include identifying hazardous attitudes and managing stress through relaxation techniques.
    • The Decide Model for ADM involves steps such as detecting, estimating, choosing, identifying, doing, and evaluating outcomes.
    • Fatigue awareness is crucial; pilots must acknowledge fatigue can lead to errors.

    Weather Patterns and Effects

    • Wind typically flows parallel to isobars due to Coriolis force balancing horizontal pressure gradients.
    • Pressure differences cause wind flow and influence navigational decisions.
    • Awareness of jet streams and their seasonal variations assists pilots in anticipating turbulence and hazards.

    Cloud Characteristics and Turbulence

    • Continental weather phenomena like lenticular altitude clouds indicate strong turbulence conditions.
    • Characteristics of stable air include poor visibility and steady precipitation, often accompanied by stratus clouds.
    • Convective clouds, especially towering cumulus, indicate potential for turbulence and severe weather.

    Additional Important Regulations

    • Approved flotation gear is mandated for aircraft flying over water beyond a power-off gliding distance from shore.
    • Blood alcohol level regulations for flying are strictly set to below 0.04%.
    • Notification to the NTSB is essential in incidents involving substantial damage or in-flight emergencies like fire.

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    Test your knowledge about flight operations in Class A and B airspace with these flashcards. Each card provides a statement that you must assess for its truthfulness regarding airspace regulations. Perfect for pilot exam preparation and understanding air traffic control requirements.

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