8.2 GROUND HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS

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Questions and Answers

What should be done with locks in the compartment if only one ULD is loaded?

They should be removed completely.

They should be left in a 'DOWN' position.

They should be secured with additional straps.

They should be placed in the 'UP' locked position. (correct)

Which document is NOT mentioned as needing proper stowage during loading?

Company mail

Medical supplies (correct)

Luggage

Flight documents

What should be installed to prevent the aircraft from tipping when offloading?

An anti-tip block

A safety strap

A front post

A tail post (correct)

What is required for transporting live animals that have given birth recently?

They cannot be transported at all. Signup and view all the answers

What needs to be ensured when transporting live animals?

Compliance with international regulations is necessary. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for carriage of endangered species?

Transportation without any restrictions Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked before moving any ULD?

The position of high loaders. Signup and view all the answers

What must be done if pallet loads have deformed during flight?

Be alert and check their condition before handling. Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured by maintenance and loading personnel prior to push-back?

All required documents have been signed by the Commander. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of positioning warning cones around the aircraft?

To prevent unauthorized access around engines and wing tips. Signup and view all the answers

What should the crew do to confirm the closure of the aircraft door?

Confirm in accordance with the appropriate checklist. Signup and view all the answers

What should happen if the towbar disconnects from the airplane during push-back?

Ground personnel must immediately advise the crew to 'STOP'. Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition can the Commander start one or more engines at the gate?

When the APU is reported inoperative. Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for communication with the crew during push-back operations?

The ground person on the headset. Signup and view all the answers

What signal indicates an 'All Clear' after push-back completion?

Flashing of the taxi lights by the crew. Signup and view all the answers

What must ground personnel verify before push-back?

All doors are closed and secured. Signup and view all the answers

What should the flight crew do regarding the SEATBELT and NO SMOKING signs before refueling begins?

Turn the SEATBELT signs OFF and NO SMOKING signs ON Signup and view all the answers

Which responsibility is NOT assigned to the flight crew during refueling?

Inform the refueller when fueling is complete Signup and view all the answers

What should the authorized refueller do if a hazardous situation arises?

Alert flight crew members Signup and view all the answers

Which action is required by flight crew before refueling commences?

Ensure emergency lighting is armed Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for stopping the fueling process if requested by the flight crew?

The authorized refueller Signup and view all the answers

When are taxi operations allowed to be carried out?

By qualified flight crew only Signup and view all the answers

What does the flight crew need to prepare for during the refueling process?

A passenger evacuation if necessary Signup and view all the answers

Which document specifies procedures for operating airplane doors?

OM-B and FCOM Vol. 2 Signup and view all the answers

Which conditions permit take-off in freezing precipitation?

Light freezing rain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the de-icing and anti-icing procedures?

Pilot training requirements Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of anti-icing procedures?

To prevent the formation of frost or ice Signup and view all the answers

When do de-icing/anti-icing procedures become ineffective?

In heavy snow and freezing rain Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT a responsibility of personnel involved in de-icing and anti-icing?

Performing mechanical repairs Signup and view all the answers

What does holdover time refer to in anti-icing procedures?

Duration during which anti-icing is effective Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of fluid is categorized as anti-icing fluid?

Type I fluid heated to 60°C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following weather conditions is NOT noted as problematic for de-icing procedures?

Moderate wind Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cause of clear ice formation on a cold soaked wing?

Super cooling of wing fuel during a long flight Signup and view all the answers

What method is most effective for detecting clear ice accumulation on a wing?

Touching the wing surface Signup and view all the answers

At what external air temperature can heavy freezing due to clear ice be reported?

+15°C Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a limited thickness of frost have on lift?

It has no significant effect Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of clear ice breaking loose during take-off?

Uneven lift and serious control problems Signup and view all the answers

What limitation exists for frost accumulation on the underside of aircraft wings for AEROTRANSCARGO?

3 mm Signup and view all the answers

How can jet blast affect aircraft surfaces when taxiways are contaminated?

It deposits contamination on critical surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What happens when dry, cold snow encounters wing surfaces that are warmed by pumped fuel?

The snow melts and refreezes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Flight Crew Responsibilities

Flight crew must position themselves on the flight deck.
Required to inform air traffic control and aerodrome fire services of refueling with passengers on board if mandated by local authority.
Must establish continuous communication with authorized refueller during refueling.
Coordinate with ramp agents and loadmasters on evacuation door accessibility.
Adjust cabin signs: turn SEATBELT signs OFF, NO SMOKING signs ON, and set emergency lighting to ARM before refueling.
Ensure PA system is functional and accessible.
Be ready to initiate passenger evacuation if needed during refueling.
Reactivate SEATBELT signs after fueling concludes.

Authorised Refueller’s Responsibilities

Maintain effective communication with the flight crew throughout refueling.
Ensure fire extinguishing equipment is available in the aircraft parking area.
Notify flight crew when refueling begins and ends.
Alert flight crew if hazardous situations, such as fires, arise.
Halt fueling operations when requested by flight crew.

Aircraft Ground Operations

Only qualified flight crew conduct taxi operations; pushback and towing must comply with aviation standards.
Specific operating procedures for cabin and cargo doors are outlined in manuals.
Set up warning cones around engines and wings for safety during servicing.
Loading equipment and steps can only approach a properly parked and chocked aircraft.

Aircraft Departure Protocol

Prior documentation must be signed by the Commander before push-back; includes Aircraft Technical Log, fuel and weight documents.
The last ground service personnel to leave the aircraft must secure the door; confirmation is required from the crew.
If headsets are unusable during push-back, clear communication must be established.
An “All Clear” signal is given post-pushback acknowledging that the ground personnel are clear of the aircraft.
Taxi lights can be employed by the crew to communicate with ground staff if necessary.

Offloading and Loading Precautions

Offloading follows the reverse order of loading; careful procedures to prevent aircraft tipping should be followed.
Maintain a safe distance of ground vehicles from the aircraft fuselage during these operations.
Prior checks for pallet integrity and positioning are crucial before ULD movement.

Carriage of Live Animals

Compliance with international regulations for humane transport of live animals is mandatory.
Only accepted from known shippers; endangered species must adhere to CITES Convention.
IATA Live Animal Regulations must be followed; restrictions on pregnant animals without veterinary clearance.
Animals giving birth within 48 hours prior to travel are prohibited.

De-icing and Anti-icing Procedures

Procedures ensure aircraft are free from frost and ice; emphasis on holdover time requirements.
Pre-take-off inspections and records of de-icing incidents are crucial.
Ineffective de-icing conditions include freezing rain and heavy snow; no holdover time exists for these scenarios.
Cold soak can lead to clear ice formation on wings, requiring touch checks for detection.

Hazards of Ice Accumulation

Clear ice increases weight, drag, and reduces lift, posing serious control challenges.
Frost on the underside of wings can affect drag but has minimal impact on lift; AEROTRANSCARGO limits frost thickness to 3mm.
Jet blast during taxi can lead to critical surface contamination, affecting the effectiveness of anti-icing treatments.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the essential responsibilities of the flight crew during refueling operations. This quiz covers communication protocols, safety measures, and coordination with ground services. Perfect for aviation students and professionals alike!