25 Questions
The main advice of the author for decision makers in the workplace is:
To be just and accurate in their assessment of employee behaviour.
Why does the author mention the program run by the Federal Judicial Centre?
To show how decision makers can be trained to be impartial.
Which of the following has not been cited as a consequence for people who face workplace rudeness?
Not encouraged to prolong one’s association with the company
How were the victims of rudeness perceived by their superiors in the study?
As being subpar performers
The tone of the author can best be described as:
Cautious
As per the passage, which of the following can be inferred about melanin?
Its impact on the internal structure of animals has now been revealed.
Which of the following is the thematic highlight of the passage?
An analysis of the reconstruction of the internal anatomy of extinct animals.
Why does the author say that we need to revise our mental image of dinosaurs?
Because a new research has raised new questions about pigment-producing structures in animals.
Which of the following is not true regarding the research cited in the passage?
Some of the researchers found an exciting way to recreate soft tissues of animals.
Smil shows repeatedly how beautifully fitting models have failed to predict the future in order to:
Explain the benefits of adopting simple equations to model growth rather than using complex models.
Which of the following statements best expresses the overall argument of this passage?
There are no solutions to reconcile our species’ excessive and increasing capacity for consumption with a viable future.
What kind of study would be required to give a definite answer about Gandhi?
studying Gandhi's acts and writings in immense detail
Which tags can be attached to Gandhi only if his life and writings justified it?
All of the above
Only by studying Gandhi’s actions and writings in detail can one judge his guilt about entering politics and whether or not he was motivated by __________.
vanity
As per the passage, the result of the study cited can:
Change our comprehension of melanin’s function.
Which of the following measures is Smil most likely to support to address the problem of over-consumption of resources?
Using elementary equations to model growth, and the biophysical principles it depends upon
According to the author, Smil is skeptical about the 'techno-optimists' because:
More computing capacity at lower cost and mere reduction in material inputs will not solve the environmental crises.
Lotringer’s observation that Steir’s entire career has been a long effort to disappear is best explained by:
Steir excluding both her ego and her body from her work allows the potential of paint to express nature’s will.
According to the author, Steir’s works move beyond the exhibition's title 'Pat Steir Silent Secret Waterfalls' because:
in them, the paint takes over, thus creating a work that depicts nature but is also both subjected to and created by nature itself.
The author mentions ‘inscape’ to refer to:
ideas like that of water having its own internal power, that allow Steir to create works that are based in essence.
Steir's process of painting can most accurately be described as:
Not touching the canvas, not painting but rather pouring paint, so that everything outside of Steir controls how the painting forms.
Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph: 'The horns of cattle, the high, long-napped hats of wealthy peasants, the headdresses of the women came to the surface of that sea. Above it occasionally rose a huge burst of laughter from the sturdy lungs of a merry peasant or a prolonged bellow from a tied cow. In the market-place at Goderville was a great crowd, a mingled multitude of men and beasts. And the sharp, shrill, barking voices made a continuous, wild ___.'
din
Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph: 'Fewer than a dozen years passed between the founding of NASA and the Apollo 11 Moon landing on July 20, 1969. It has stuck with us, because the human imagination is puny compared with the vastness of our experience and our potential. The triumphs of the Space Age are perhaps the greatest illustrations of this gap. 'Seeing is believing' is such a truism that it was already a cliché in the second century BCE, when the Roman playwright Titus Maccius Plautus planted those words in his comedy Truculentus.'
The passage implies that the connection between philosophy and politics is clearer on the Continent than in Britain, leading to:
Blocks of doctrines being accepted and rejected without scrutiny.
Match the following sentences to form a coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
Kerala received over two and a half times more rainfall over the average for August. = The unprecedented rainfall was caused by a spell of low pressure over the region. This was 42% more than during the entire monsoon season. = But that doesn’t entirely make sense, especially since spiders only balloon during light winds.
Study Notes
Workplace Misbehaviour and its Consequences
- Bad behaviour at work can have serious consequences, including lower engagement, mental and physical health problems, and a higher likelihood of burnout and quitting.
- An estimated 98% of employees are affected by rudeness and other types of workplace misbehaviour over the course of a year.
Blaming the Victim
- Research has found that leaders tend to blame victims of workplace misbehaviour, rather than addressing the perpetrators.
- Victims of rudeness are often perceived as having engaged in misbehaviour themselves, even when they have done nothing wrong.
- This bias can lead to negative assessments of the victim's job performance, regardless of their actual performance.
Impact on Job Performance
- Victims of workplace mistreatment are perceived as performing considerably worse on the job than employees who haven't been mistreated.
- This bias can have a significant impact on compensation and promotion decisions, resulting in additional hardship for the victim.
Combating Bias
- Leaders can combat bias by receiving training similar to that of judges and arbitrators, which teaches them to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information.
- Focusing on job-relevant behaviours during interviews and performance appraisals can help reduce subjectivity and enhance decision accuracy.
- Leaders should also be aware of the forces that may be influencing their decisions, such as contextual and personal factors.
Importance of Fair Assessment
- Leaders play a critical role in assessing employee behaviour fairly and accurately.
- It is essential for leaders to be aware of their biases and take steps to prevent them from affecting their decision making.### Workplace Misbehaviour
- Bad behaviour at work can have serious consequences, including lower engagement, mental and physical health problems, and increased likelihood of burnout and quitting.
- Nearly 98% of employees are affected by rudeness and other types of workplace misbehaviour.
- Leaders often blame victims of workplace misbehaviour instead of perpetrators, which can lead to biased evaluations and unfair treatment.
Bias in Evaluations
- Research shows that leaders perceive victims of workplace misbehaviour as having engaged in misbehaviour themselves, even when they have done nothing wrong.
- This bias can affect leaders' assessments of job performance, leading to unfair evaluations and potential adverse impacts on compensation and promotion decisions.
Combating Bias
- To combat bias, leaders should receive training to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information, similar to that undergone by judges and arbitrators.
- Leaders should focus on job-relevant behaviours and be aware of forces that may influence their decisions.
Melanin Research
- Fresh fossil research suggests that melanin, a pigment found in melanosomes, may have played a fundamental role inside animals' bodies, not just in external colouration.
- Melanosomes are abundant in internal organs of modern and fossil animals, including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
- The chemical makeup and shape of melanosomes vary between organ types, opening up opportunities to use them to map the soft tissues of ancient animals.
Implications of Research
- The discovery of melanosomes in internal organs may overhaul our understanding of melanin's function, which may be more important for physiological functions than colour production.
- The research implies that we may need to review our understanding of the colours of ancient animals, as fossil melanosomes may represent internal tissues rather than external colours.
- The study of melanosomes can help us accurately interpret the colours of ancient organisms, but more research is needed to fully understand their implications.### Dinosaurs and Melanin Research
- Fresh studies suggest a need to revise our understanding of dinosaur appearance
- Research on melanin, a pigment found in structures called melanosomes, has led to new discoveries
- Melanosomes are abundant inside animal bodies, not just in skin, hair, and eyes
- This challenges the idea that melanin's primary function is for colour production
- Melanin may have evolved for physiological functions, such as homeostasis and regulation of internal chemical and physical states
Implications of Melanin Research
- Findings may change our understanding of ancient animal colours
- Fossil melanosomes may not represent external colours, but rather internal tissues
- Melanosomes can change shape and shrink over time, affecting colour reconstructions
- Additional non-melanin pigments, such as carotenoids and structural colour, can be preserved in fossils
Evolution of Melanin Function
- The role of melanin in homeostasis may be more important than its role in colour production
- Research suggests that melanin's function in colour production may be secondary to physiological functions
- The evolution of melanin's role in colour production is still unclear
Civilization and Resource Depletion
- Human population has grown from thousands to 7.7 billion in 70,000 years
- Domination of Earth's resources has enabled this growth
- Energy harvesting from the environment has increased, but at a high environmental cost
- Pollution, lost wilderness, and rising carbon dioxide levels are consequences of growth
Vaclav Smil's Work
- Smil's research covers energy, population, and environmental change
- He argues that economic projections ignore biophysical reality and limited resources
- Energy efficiency has increased, but has also led to increased energy consumption
- Smil is skeptical of "techno-optimists" who believe technology will solve environmental crises
Review your performance in the Flexi Master Series Mock - 01 (2020) with this scorecard and accuracy analysis.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
