فقه الطب الإسلامي

Islamic Jurisprudence of Medicine

• Definition of Jurisprudence (Fiqh):
  • Etymologically, fiqh means understanding in general.
  • Technically, fiqh is the knowledge of practical Islamic rulings derived from detailed evidences.

Islamic Medicine

• Definition of Medicine (طب):
  • Etymologically, medicine can refer to:
    • Treating the body and soul.
    • Expertise and skill in matters.
    • Magic or enchantment (in a figurative sense).
  • The relevant meaning for this study is treating the body and soul.

Islamic Medical Jurisprudence (Fiqh al-Tib):

• Definition: Islamic legal rulings and principles concerning healthcare professions.

Early Muslim Interest in Medicine

• Muslims showed significant interest in medicine.
• Caliphates and Sultans supported and encouraged medical knowledge.
• Expression of this support included:
  • Establishing centers for medical education.
  • Selecting prominent physicians for teaching positions.
  • Establishing medical schools specifically for medicine.
• Diverse educational settings existed, like mosques, scholars' homes, and public medical gatherings.

Importance and Achievements of Muslim Physicians

• Muslims created foundational frameworks for medical practice.
• Created examinations for medical students.
• Prominent Muslim physicians emerged.
• Muslims pioneered surgical techniques, including inventing surgical instruments.
• Made significant discoveries in lesser circulatory systems.
• Developed and maintained hospitals, providing patients with amenities like new clothes and allowances for their families.
• Medical textbooks developed by Muslims were studied in European universities.
• Continued to develop and advance surgical principles and techniques.

Medical Knowledge in Islam

• Islamic teachings necessitate physicians.
• Medicine is a vital field to address diseases and injuries.
• The need for doctors varies based on circumstances.

Ruling of Learning Medicine

• Medicine is a collective obligation.
• If enough people learn it, the obligation is fulfilled by those who do. Otherwise, all are accountable.
• Islamic scholars emphasized the importance of learning medicine.
• A famous scholar (Imam Shafi'i) deemed medicine to be a significant field.
• Learning medicine is important due to its significance for maintaining life, health, and well-being.

Objectives of Studying Islamic Medical Jurisprudence

• Facilitate the resolution of medical dilemmas using Islamic jurisprudence as a means of achieving religious observance.
• Determine the Islamic rulings related to medical practice.
• Highlight the all-encompassing nature of Islamic jurisprudence in various areas, including medicine.
• Acknowledge that medical jurisprudence is part of Islamic jurisprudence.
• Learning medical jurisprudence may influence medical specialty choices.

Objectives of Studying Islamic Medical Jurisprudence for Medical Students

• Help doctors evaluate situations and make informed medical decisions based on their faith.
• Help doctors understand the Islamic rulings related to medical issues.
• Show that Islamic law is adaptable to various times and contexts.

Islamic Principles of Preserving Life

• Various measures to preserve life.
• Condemnation of acts that diminish or end life.
• Encouragement to protect life to the greatest extent possible.
• Prohibition of acts that needlessly harm others.

Aims of Islamic Law

• To benefit humanity.
• To preserve five essential aspects: Religion, Life, Intellect, Lineage, and Property.
• Islamic law emphasizes methods and interventions to preserve safety and health, such as the prohibition on acts of recklessness or harming others.

يتناول هذا الاختبار مبادئ فقه الطب الإسلامي، بما في ذلك التعريفات الأساسية للفقه والطب ودور المسلمين التاريخي في تطوير المعرفة الطبية. سيتم استكشاف كيف أن الفقه الإسلامي يوجه الممارسات الطبية والعناية بالصحة.