FIV Incidence and Facts

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Questions and Answers

Which stage of FIV infection is characterized by the presence of a transient fever and neutropenia?

  • Chronic stage
  • Asymptomatic stage
  • Terminal stage
  • Subacute stage (correct)

What happens to the viral load during the asymptomatic stage of FIV infection?

  • It remains constant
  • It fluctuates
  • It decreases (correct)
  • It increases

Which cells are consistently affected in the late stages of FIV infection?

  • B cells
  • CD8+ lymphocytes
  • CD4+ lymphocytes (correct)
  • Neutrophils

What is the main reason for the chronic state of FIV infection?

<p>CD8+ lymphocytopenia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of FIV infection is characterized by severe immunosuppression and the development of secondary infections?

<p>Terminal stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diagnostic test can be used to detect FIV in cats?

<p>PCR diagnostics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is there a licensed FIV vaccine in the UK?

<p>No (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of supportive care in FIV-infected cats?

<p>Prevent secondary infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of FIV infection is characterized by weight loss, pyrexia, and neurological disease?

<p>Chronic stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of mutations within the FIV virus?

<p>Maintenance of a transient state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about FIV incidence in feral cats?

<p>FIV incidence is higher in feral cats compared to domestic cats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average FIV incidence in Italy?

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of cats has an increased risk for fighting behavior?

<p>Sexually intact males (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does FIV enter the host cell?

<p>Via a bite and attaches to a receptor on the cell membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in FIV replication?

<p>Replication of the viral RNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells does FIV preferentially infect?

<p>Lymphocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cytopathic effect of FIV on CD4+ cells?

<p>It causes a decline in CD4+ cells within the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does FIV attack CD4+ cells over CD8+ cells?

<p>Because they have differing receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the binding site for FIV known as?

<p>CD134 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the development of antiviral challenging for FIV?

<p>FIV replicates extensively within the host cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be the clinical signs seen in cats with FIV infection?

<p>Directly from an FIV infection there will be no signs. But secondary infections could cause: Weight loss, Pyrexia, Neurological disease, Oral infections, Enteritis, Respiratory infection, dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for FIV-infected cats?

<p>Supportive care and treatment of secondary signs to the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diagnostic test can be used to detect FIV in cats?

<p>PCR diagnostics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is there a licensed FIV vaccine in the UK?

<p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of mutations within the FIV virus?

<p>Help eliminate the reliance on the CD134 receptor hence very difficult to produce a vaccine for.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of FIV infection is characterized by severe immunosuppression and the development of diseases caused by secondary infection, neoplasia, and neurological disorders?

<p>Terminal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the CD4 and CD8 ratio in the late stages of FIV infection?

<p>Inversion of the ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of circulating antibodies in FIV infection?

<p>Allows the viral load to increase and brings about the development of diseases caused by secondary infection, neoplasia, and neurological disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does FIV enter the host cell and replicate?

<p>FIV enters the host cell via a bite and attaches to a receptor on the cell membrane. It then releases viral genes and enzymes into the cell, leading to replication of the viral RNA via reverse transcriptase. The DNA is incorporated into the host nucleus and becomes part of the cell using the host cell machinery. This results in the assembly of viral components in the nucleus, which are then translated into complete viral particles. These particles are released into the host to infect other cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferential target of FIV infection and how does it affect the immune system?

<p>FIV preferentially infects lymphocytes, specifically CD4+ T cells. During the acute phase of the infection, the pathogen directly infects and replicates within these cells, leading to a progressive decline of CD4+ cells in the blood. The virus causes a cytopathic effect on the CD4+ cells, resulting in immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to secondary infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the development of antiviral drugs challenging for FIV?

<p>The development of antiviral drugs for FIV is challenging because the virus undergoes extensive replication and assembly within the host cell, making it difficult to specifically target the viral components. Additionally, FIV exhibits high genetic variability, which can lead to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Due to these factors, antiviral drugs for FIV often target common viral proteins to increase their effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CD134 in FIV infection?

<p>CD134 is the binding site for FIV on the host cell. The virus attaches to CD134 and enters the cell, initiating the replication and assembly process. CD134 plays a crucial role in the initial infection and spread of FIV within the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main differences between FIV incidence in feral cats and domestic cats?

<p>On average, FIV incidence is higher in feral cats, with an average of 4% incidence compared to 1% in domestic cats. In Italy, the incidence in feral cats is even higher, at 25%. This difference is likely due to the increased risk of fighting behavior in sexually intact male feral cats, which leads to a higher prevalence of FIV transmission through bite wounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cytopathic effect of FIV on CD4+ cells?

<p>The cytopathic effect of FIV on CD4+ cells refers to the damage caused by the virus to these cells. FIV attacks CD4+ cells over CD8+ cells because they have different receptors. The viral replication within CD4+ cells leads to their destruction, resulting in immunosuppression and the progressive decline of CD4+ cells in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of supportive care in FIV-infected cats?

<p>The main purpose of supportive care in FIV-infected cats is to manage the symptoms and complications associated with the disease. Supportive care includes providing adequate nutrition, managing secondary infections, and addressing any other medical or behavioral issues that may arise. It aims to improve the cat's overall quality of life and minimize the impact of FIV on their health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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