54 Questions
What is the term for fish migration between fresh waters and the sea?
Diadromous
Which type of fish migrates from the ocean to the river to spawn?
Anadromous
What is the term for fish that live in the river but migrate to the ocean to spawn?
Catadromous
Which type of fish migrates between the ocean and the river in some part of their life cycle but not to spawn?
Amphidromous
What is the etymology of the term 'Anadromous'?
Up running
What does the term 'Catadromous' mean in terms of migration?
Down running
What is the etymology of the term 'Amphidromous'?
On both sides running
What does the term 'Potamodromous' refer to?
River migration
What is the etymology of the term 'Diadromous'?
Across running
What does the prefix 'dia-' in 'Diadromous' mean?
Across
What does the prefix 'kata-' in 'Catadromous' mean?
Down
What does the prefix 'amphi-' in 'Amphidromous' mean?
On both sides
What is the purpose of osmo-regulatory migration in fish?
To maintain water and electrolyte balance
What is the significance of vertical fish migration?
Predator avoidance, metabolic advantage, dispersal and transport, and avoiding UV damage
What is the role of otolith microchemistry in fish biology?
Tracking fish movements, discriminating fish populations, and monitoring aquatic environments
Why are glass eel otoliths extracted for age and growth analyses?
They provide reliable and accurate method to age fish
What is the special interest of strontium (Sr) in fish otoliths?
It is an indicator of salinity
What is the migration cycle of the giant mottled eel associated with?
Spawning ground and silvering process
What is the primary purpose of fish migration?
Finding suitable feeding and spawning grounds
What is the significance of the larval growth rate and metamorphosis timing in the geographical distribution of anguillid eel species?
They may play an important role in the geographical distribution
What do the elvers do after reaching the coastal waters?
They immediately migrate further inland
What is the primary purpose of the anguillid eels in the Philippines?
They provide food and livelihood to fisher folks
What is the primary reason for organisms to come up to shallow waters at night to feed?
Predator avoidance
What is the main purpose of the anguillid glass eel otolith microstructure?
Environmental recording
What type of fishing vessels are classified as small scale according to the text?
Vessels utilizing passive or active gear and ranging from 3.1-20 GT
What percentage of the total valid commercial fishing vessels are classified as medium-scale?
48.19%
Where are commercial fishing vessels required to fish according to the text?
Beyond 15 km off the shoreline
How often is the commercial fishing vessel and gear license (CFVGL) required to be renewed according to the text?
Every three (3) years
Which region had the highest percentage share of valid commercial fishing vessels according to the text?
Region XII
What is the minimum size of fishing vessels classified as large scale according to the text?
150 GT
What is the total number of operators of commercial fishing vessels as of 2021 according to the text?
923
What percentage of the commercial fishing vessels are classified as small-scale according to the text?
44.64%
What is the minimum size of fishing vessels classified as medium scale according to the text?
20.1 GT
What government agency is responsible for issuing the commercial fishing vessel and gear license (CFVGL) according to the text?
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)
Which region had the highest production value of commercial fisheries in 2021?
Region XII with PhP 20.13 billion
Which type of vessels are required to secure the SFP (Special Fisheries Permit)?
Catcher vessels (e.g. purse seine & ring net vessels)
What is the top produced commodity in commercial fisheries in 2021?
Tuna with 37.93% share
What are Philippine-registered vessels entitled to in the WCPFC (Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission)?
Duty and tax rebates on fuel consumption for commercial fisheries operations
Which area is part of the high seas and is adjacent to the East of Philippines’ Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)?
Mati-matihan
What is the primary purpose of the conditional 'freedom to fish' established by UNCLOS and UNFSA?
To give all states the right to fish the high seas under certain conditions
Which Philippine region had the highest recorded volume of commercial fisheries production in 2021?
Region IX with 233,771 MT
What is the primary purpose of the SFP (Special Fisheries Permit)?
To regulate fishing activities of catcher vessels
Which type of vessels are not required to have the SFP (Special Fisheries Permit)?
Carriers and lightboats
What is the primary purpose of the long-term loans supported by guarantee facilities for commercial fishing vessel operators?
To finance the building and acquisition of fishing vessels and equipment
Who can be issued commercial fishing vessel licenses?
Citizens of the Philippines, partnerships, or corporations with at least 60% Filipino ownership
How often must commercial fishing boat licenses be renewed?
Every 3 years
What is the difference between the Commercial Fishing Vessel/Gear License (CFVGL) and the International Fishing Permit?
The CFVGL allows fishing in international waters, the International Fishing Permit allows fishing within Philippine commercial waters
What is required for Philippine-flagged vessels fishing in certain areas?
Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) coverage and landing declarations
What do Shipstation licenses assign to maritime vessels?
International Radio Call Signs (IRCS)
What do Special Fishing Permits (SFP) authorize Philippine-flagged vessels to do?
Operate in WCPFC High Seas Pocket No. 1
What is required prior to licensing for fishing vessels?
All of the above
What are the Certificate of Ownership (CO) and Certificate of Philippine Registry (CPR) issued by?
MARINA
What is the validity period of the International Fishing Permit?
3 years
What does Fisheries Administrative Order No. 223 s. 2003 impose?
A moratorium on new Commercial Fishing Vessel and gear License issuance
Study Notes
Philippine Commercial Fishing Regulations
- Commercial fishing vessel licenses are only issued to citizens of the Philippines, partnerships, or corporations with at least 60% Filipino ownership.
- Fisheries Administrative Order No. 223 s. 2003 imposed a moratorium on new Commercial Fishing Vessel and gear License issuance.
- Commercial fishing boat licenses must be renewed every 3 years, with a 60-day renewal period before expiration.
- Philippine-registered fishing vessels can operate in international waters, subject to compliance with safety and other requirements.
- The Commercial Fishing Vessel/Gear License (CFVGL) authorizes fishing within Philippine commercial waters, valid for 3 years.
- The International Fishing Permit allows fishing in other Coastal States' waters and high seas, valid for 3 years.
- BFAR requires Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) coverage and landing declarations for Philippine-flagged vessels fishing in certain areas.
- The Certificate of Ownership (CO) and Certificate of Philippine Registry (CPR) contain vessel details and are issued by the Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA).
- Shipstation licenses assign radio frequencies and International Radio Call Signs (IRCS) to maritime vessels, issued by the National Telecommunications Commission.
- Special Fishing Permits (SFP) authorize Philippine-flagged vessels to operate in WCPFC High Seas Pocket No. 1.
- Fishing vessel owners must register their vessels and gears with the BFAR, regardless of licensing by other authorities.
- The fishing gear registration, mesh size specifications, and International Fishing Permit are all required prior to licensing.
Test your knowledge of fish migration with this quiz! Explore the different types of fish migration, including diadromous, anadromous, catadromous, amphibious, and potamodromous movements. Learn about the etymology of these terms and understand the regular, physiologically mediated movements of fishes between fresh waters and the sea.
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