Fish Immunity and Metabolism Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What are the four main categories of energy lost as heat?

  • Standard metabolism, Voluntary physical activity, Heat of nutrient metabolism, Specific dynamic action
  • Standard metabolism, Voluntary physical activity, Heat of nutrient metabolism, Production energy
  • Basal metabolism, Voluntary physical activity, Heat of nutrient metabolism, Specific dynamic action (correct)
  • Basal metabolism, Voluntary physical activity, Heat of nutrient metabolism, Production energy

Basal metabolism is the energy required to keep the animal alive, and is similar to basal metabolism measured in humans.

True (A)

Production energy is a part of maintenance energy.

False (B)

Specific dynamic action is the heat released by the many chemical reactions associated with the processing of ingested feed.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy used for keeping the animal warm?

<p>Heat of nutrient metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Specific dynamic action include?

<p>Energy expended in digestion, absorption, transportation, and anabolic activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating the amount of feed required per ration?

<p>(average fish size (weight) x feed rate (%) x total number of fish in the pond) / 1000 = Kg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Catabolic Reactions

Metabolic reactions that break down complex molecules into simpler molecules, releasing energy.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

A high-energy molecule that acts as an energy currency in cells.

Anabolic Reactions

Metabolic reactions that build complex molecules from simpler molecules, requiring energy.

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

A molecule that is formed when ATP loses a phosphate group, releasing energy.

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Exergonic Reactions

Reactions that release energy, having a negative change in free energy.

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Endergonic Reactions

Reactions that require energy, having a positive change in free energy.

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Standard Metabolism (SM)

The energy required by an animal at rest to maintain basic life functions.

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Voluntary Physical Activity

The energy expended by an animal during physical activities like movement or searching for food.

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Heat of Nutrient Metabolism (SDA)

The heat released during food processing, digestion, absorption, and metabolism.

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Feedstuff

Any substance with nutritional value for fish.

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Nutrient

The chemical substance necessary for fish metabolism, growth, and reproduction.

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Ration

The amount of feed given to fish in a 24-hour period.

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Balanced Ration

A ration containing all nutrients in adequate amounts for optimal fish health.

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Unbalanced Ration

A ration that lacks one or more nutrients or has an excess of others.

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Feed Additives

Substances added to feed to enhance digestion, absorption, growth, or reduce stress in fish.

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Digestion Coefficient (Digestibility)

The percentage of a nutrient from feed that is digested and absorbed by the fish.

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Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN)

A measure of the total digestible nutrients in feed, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

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Supplement (Feed Additives)

Concentrated sources of minerals or protein added to feed to correct nutrient deficiencies.

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Dry Matter

The dry weight of a feedstuff, excluding moisture.

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Crude Protein

The total amount of protein in a feedstuff.

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Crude Fiber

The portion of a feedstuff that is resistant to digestion by enzymes.

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Ether Extract (Fat)

The fat content of a feedstuff.

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Ash

The inorganic mineral content of a feedstuff.

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Ca & P (Calcium and Phosphorus)

The amount of calcium and phosphorus in a feedstuff.

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Nitrogen-Free Extract (NFE)

Compounds in the feedstuff with no specific analysis.

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Nutrient Protein

The amount of protein contained in a specific quantity of dry matter in a feedstuff.

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Nutrient Energy

The energy content of a specific quantity of dry matter in a feedstuff.

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Study Notes

Fish Immunity

  • Fish have an immune system
  • Fish are cold-blooded animals

Digestion and Metabolism

  • Catabolic reactions transfer energy from complex molecules to ATP
  • Anabolic reactions transfer energy from ATP to complex molecules
  • Simple molecules such as glucose, amino acids, glycerol, and fatty acids
  • Complex molecules such as starch, protein, and lipids
  • Food molecules: sugar, lipids, proteins (high-enthalpy, low-entropy compounds)
  • CO2, waste products (low-enthalpy, high-entropy compounds)
  • Cell components: membranes, proteins, nucleic acids (high-enthalpy, low-entropy compounds)
  • Simple precursors (low-enthalpy, high-entropy compounds)

Feed Manufacturing Stages

  • Not covered in this text.

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Description

Explore the essential concepts of fish immunity and their unique metabolic processes. This quiz covers the differences between catabolic and anabolic reactions and the roles of various food molecules within biological systems. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological principles.

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