Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a method for diagnosing Enteric Septicemia of Catfish?
Which of the following is a method for diagnosing Enteric Septicemia of Catfish?
Birds can contribute to the transmission of infection among fish by dropping infected carcasses into healthy ponds.
Birds can contribute to the transmission of infection among fish by dropping infected carcasses into healthy ponds.
True
What is the primary causative agent of Enteric Septicemia of Catfish?
What is the primary causative agent of Enteric Septicemia of Catfish?
Edwardsiella ictaluri
In Enteric Septicemia, the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri is often found in the _____________ of the infected fish.
In Enteric Septicemia, the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri is often found in the _____________ of the infected fish.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the clinical signs of infection with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the clinical signs of infection with their corresponding descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a potential consequence of stressed fish that contribute to susceptibility to infection?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of stressed fish that contribute to susceptibility to infection?
Signup and view all the answers
Microbiology techniques such as the agglutination test are used for serological identification of the pathogen.
Microbiology techniques such as the agglutination test are used for serological identification of the pathogen.
Signup and view all the answers
List two transmission pathways for diseases among fish populations.
List two transmission pathways for diseases among fish populations.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following species is most susceptible to Edwardsiella tarda?
Which of the following species is most susceptible to Edwardsiella tarda?
Signup and view all the answers
Mycobacterium spp. can cause disease in both freshwater and saltwater fish.
Mycobacterium spp. can cause disease in both freshwater and saltwater fish.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one clinical sign associated with fish infected by Edwardsiella tarda.
Name one clinical sign associated with fish infected by Edwardsiella tarda.
Signup and view all the answers
Edwardsiella tarda is transmitted through the ______ and oral cavity.
Edwardsiella tarda is transmitted through the ______ and oral cavity.
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment is recommended for 10-14 days with a 21 day withdrawal period?
Which treatment is recommended for 10-14 days with a 21 day withdrawal period?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the disease with its characteristic sign:
Match the disease with its characteristic sign:
Signup and view all the answers
The agglutination test is one method used for _______ identification of the causative agent.
The agglutination test is one method used for _______ identification of the causative agent.
Signup and view all the answers
Reducing stress in fish is a control strategy for preventing mycobacterial diseases.
Reducing stress in fish is a control strategy for preventing mycobacterial diseases.
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the most common causes of Pop Eye in fish?
What is one of the most common causes of Pop Eye in fish?
Signup and view all the answers
The disease Edwardsiellosis is caused only by the bacteria Edwardsiella tarda.
The disease Edwardsiellosis is caused only by the bacteria Edwardsiella tarda.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one treatment method for Pop Eye disease in fish.
Name one treatment method for Pop Eye disease in fish.
Signup and view all the answers
The bacteria Aeromonas liquifaciens is commonly associated with __________ in fish.
The bacteria Aeromonas liquifaciens is commonly associated with __________ in fish.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following stress factors with their potential effects on fish health:
Match the following stress factors with their potential effects on fish health:
Signup and view all the answers
Which species are known to be most susceptible to Edwardsiella tarda infections?
Which species are known to be most susceptible to Edwardsiella tarda infections?
Signup and view all the answers
Horizontal transmission of bacterial infections can occur through faeces.
Horizontal transmission of bacterial infections can occur through faeces.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the optimum growth temperature range for Edwardsiella spp. bacteria?
What is the optimum growth temperature range for Edwardsiella spp. bacteria?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Bacterial Diseases of Finfishes
- Bacterial diseases are common in finfish.
- Most are opportunistic pathogens.
- Pathogens include anaerobes, aerobes, gram-negative, and gram-positive bacteria.
- Clinical signs are non-specific and include lethargy, loss of appetite, skin hemorrhages, ulcers, fin rot, ascites (dropsy), eye bulging, and color changes.
Pathogens and Diseases (Anaerobes)
- Clostridium botulinum: Botulism
- Eubacterium sp.: Meningitis
Pathogens and Diseases (Aerobes - Gram-Positive)
- Coryneform bacteria: Corynebacteriosis
- Lactobacillus: Lactobacillosis/pseudokidney disease
- Mycobacterium: Mycobacteriosis/fish tuberculosis
- Nocardia: Nocardiosis
- Renibacterium salmoninarum: Bacterial kidney disease
- Streptococcus iniae: Streptococcosis
Pathogens and Diseases (Aerobes - Gram-Negative)
- Edwardsiella tarda: Edwardsiellosis/Edwardsiella septicemia
- Edwardsiella ictaluri: Enteric septicemia
- Yersinia ruckeri: Enteric redmouth disease
- Aeromonas hydrophila: Haemorrhagic septicaemia/Motile Aeromonas septicemia
- Aeromonas salmonicida: Furunculosis
- Aeromonas sp.: Fin rot
- Aeromonas liquifaciens: Eye disease
Pathogens and Diseases (Other)
- Flexibacter: Fin rot
- Myxobacterium: Bacterial gill disease
- Pseudomonas sp.: Red spot, generalized septicemia, fin rot
- Pseudomonas fluorescens: Pseudomonas septicemia
- Pseudomonas punctata: Dropsy
- Piscirickettsia salmonis: Piscirickettsiosis
- Vibrio alginolyticus: Septicemia
- Vibrio sp.: Vibriosis
Diseases Considered Bacterial in Origin
- Bacteria: Strawberry disease
- Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Vibrio: Fin and tail rot
Major Bacterial Pathogens
-
Aeromonas: Aerobic Gram-negative cocci, significant resistance to tetracycline and sulfamerazine.
- A. salmonicida: Furunculosis
- A. hydrophila: Motile Aeromonas Septicemia
- A. liquefaciens: Eye disease
-
Edwardsiella: Aerobic Gram-negative cocci, important bacterial pathogen of fish.
- E. tarda: Edwardsiellosis
- E. ictaluri: Enteric septicemia
-
Yersinia: Aerobic Gram-negative cocci, important pathogen of salmonids.
- Yersinia ruckeri: Enteric Redmouth Disease
- Mycobacterium: Aerobic – acid fast, mycobacterial infections/Mycobacteriosis, caused by Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium fortuitum
- Renibacterium: Aerobic-Gram-positive rods, Renibacterium salmoninarum - Bacterial kidney disease
- Streptococcus: Aerobic-Gram-positive cocci, Streptococcus infections / Streptococcosis - S. iniae, S. difficilis, S. parauberis, S. milleri, S. shiloi
-
Vibrio: Aerobic Gram-negative, primarily pathogens of marine fish,
- Vibriosis - V. damsela, V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum
- Flavobacterium: Aerobic-Gram-negative rods, Columnaris infection- Flavobacterium columnare, Bacterial Gill Disease - Flavobacterium branchiophilum, Coldwater Disease / Peduncle disease - Flavobacterium psychrophilium
Aeromonas Hydrophila (MAS)
- A. hydrophila: opportunistic pathogen, causes Motile Aeromonas Septicemia, affects all freshwater fishes, characterized by fatal septicemia, exophthalmia, ascites/dropsy, and ulcer formation
- different serotypes observed in fish from various places and times.
- Gram negative, motile, non-spore forming, aerobe or facultative anaerobe
Susceptible Species (A. hydrophila)
- Carp
- Channel catfish
- Eel
- Goldfish
- Trout
- Tilapia
Predisposing/Environmental Factors (A. hydrophila)
- High temperature
- Overcrowding
- Reduced oxygen
- Malnutrition
- Heavy parasite infestations
- Organic pollution
- High ammonia/nitrite levels
- Injuries/damage to skin/gills.
- Rough handling/transportation
Transmission (A. hydrophila)
- Horizontal transmission
- Distribution wide in water/sediments of ponds
- Transmitted external lesions/intestinal tract discharge.
- Parasitic/fungal infection may allow infection spread
Incubation Period (A. hydrophila)
- Depends on environment's temperature
- Acute cases may appear 4-10 days after infection.
Clinical Signs (A. hydrophila)
- Fatal septicemia
- Exophthalmia
- Ascites/dropsy
- Ulcer formation
Mortality (A. hydrophila)
- 80% mortality in fish farms if fish under stress
Diagnosis (A. hydrophila)
- Case history
- Clinical signs
- Postmortem findings
- Microbiology – isolation and identification causative agent
- Serological identification of etiology by agglutination test, precipitation test, fluorescent antibody technique, ELISA
Treatment and Control (A. hydrophila)
- Oxytetracycline
- Sulfamerazine
- Prolonged potassium permanganate/1–3% NaCl bath treatments
- Avoid stress factors
- Good hygiene
- Periodic pond drying
- Disinfection of ponds
- Disinfection of eggs with acriflavine or betadine
Furunculosis
- Causative agent:Aeromonas salmonicida
- Characterized by furuncle or boil-like lesions in various body tissues.
- Mostly associated with salmonids, but other fish can be affected.
- Obligate pathogen (fish to fish transmission).
- Gram negative, short bacilli, aerobic & facultative anaerobe, non-motile, non-spore forming
Susceptible Species (Furunculosis)
- All species of salmonids
- Carp
- Catfish
Incubation Period (Furunculosis)
- Depends on water temperature.
- At 20 °C – 4 to 20 days
Predisposing or Environmental Factors (Furunculosis)
- Low water quality
- Physical skin damage or gill damage
- presence of ectoparasites/other diseases
- high temperature.
- High-density stocking
Transmission (Furunculosis)
- Primarily horizontal transmission - from fish to fish through contaminated water
- carriers may be involved
Clinical presentation of Furunculosis
- Rapid death, especially of young fish.
- Raised furuncles (boil-like lesions).
- Haemorrhages & skin lesions
- Darkening of skin
- Rapid breathing
- Exophthalmia
- Lethargy
- Soft and liquefied kidney
- Enlarged spleen
- Pale liver, with haemorrhages
- Bloody mucous in the stomach and intestine
- Hyperaemic swim bladder.
- Fish may die within 2–3 days.
Diagnosis (Furunculosis)
- Case history
- Clinical signs
- Postmortem findings
- Microbiology – isolation & identification of causative agent
- Serological identification method (agglutination, precipitation, fluorescent antibody, and ELISA)
Treatment (Furunculosis)
- Sulfamerazine: 150–220 mg/kg fish wt/day for 10-14 days.
- Oxytetracycline: 50–75 mg/kg fish wt/day for 10 days.
- Furazolidone: 25–100 mg/kg fish wt/day for 10 days.
- Oxolinic acid: 10 mg/kg fish wt/day for 10 days
Control (Furunculosis)
- Stress factors removed.
- Pond drying & disinfection
- Disinfection of equipment
- Prevent fish/water movement to uninfected areas
- SPF fish eggs
Additional topics (with relevant sections):
- Aeromonas Liquefaciens (Pop Eye)
- Edwardsiellosis
- Enteric Septicemia of Catfish (ESC)
- Mycobacteriosis
- Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD)
- Enteric Redmouth Disease (Hagerman Red Mouth)
- Piscirickettsiosis
- Pseudomonas Septicemia
- Vibriosis
- Bacterial Gill Disease (F.branchiophilum)
- Coldwater Disease (F.psychrophilum)
- Columnaris Disease (F.columnare)
- Infectious Dropsy
- Strawberry Disease
- Fin & Tail Rot
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on Enteric Septicemia of Catfish, including diagnosis methods, causative agents, and transmission pathways. This quiz covers clinical signs and microbiological techniques relevant to fish health and disease management.
