Fish Biology Exam #2 Study Guide: Trophic Ecology Outline #1
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason why fish eat according to the provided text?

  • To produce entropy
  • To obtain essential nutrients (correct)
  • To increase their body weight
  • To synthesize amino acids

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential amino acid for fish?

  • Alanine (correct)
  • Threonine
  • Leucine
  • Valine

Why are essential fatty acids important for fish's diets?

  • To produce energy
  • To ensure growth, development, and overall health (correct)
  • To improve swimming abilities
  • To regulate body temperature

Why is it important to include specific sources of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in a fish's feed?

<p>To meet the fish's nutritional needs for growth and health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamins in fish metabolism?

<p>To serve as organic enzyme co-factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of nutrients that fish need for their diets, according to the text?

<p>Chlorophyll (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor that affects the cost of processing food?

<p>Size of prey (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Optimal Foraging Theory predict about prey size?

<p>Optimal foraging predicts an optimal size range of prey. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cost is largely associated with processing protein according to the text?

<p>Specific Dynamic Action (SDA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does predation risk influence the motivation to feed according to the text?

<p>High predation risk may deter feeding. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor decreases predation risk in terms of conspecifics?

<p>Shoaling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of models add encounter frequency and success to determine optimal foraging size?

<p>Modern models (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fish invests more energy and less time foraging as a result of having increased control and protective ability?

<p>Nesters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fish sacrifices hydrodynamic efficiency and inherits a greater predator risk, but gains increased protection and control on gestation?

<p>External bearers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fish includes species like Chromis chromis and Pomoxis annularis?

<p>Substrate choosers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of fish classified as 'miscellaneous materials' nesters?

<p>They use random plant material for nesting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fish species would most likely be a 'mouthbrooder' based on the given information?

<p>Guarders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes 'skin breeders', such as Oryzias latipes, from other types of bearers?

<p>They carry their eggs on their skin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of fertilization involves touching cloacae and transferring sperm?

<p>Cloacal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reproductive system do individuals within a species exist as distinct male and female sexes?

<p>Gonochoristic sexes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental factor usually results in more males in terms of sex determination?

<p>Increased temperatures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of fertilization where eggs are usually pelagic and plankton-like, with low male investment?

<p>External (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pattern of sex changes refers to the male being dominant first, followed by one dominant female and multiple males?

<p>Protandry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which mode of fertilization do catfish drink sperm but do not consume it?

<p>Cloacal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between search speed and foraging modes in fish?

<p>Search speed is expensive but can yield food in various foraging modes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does prey selection relate to food webs and ecosystems?

<p>Prey selection impacts food webs and the human impact on ecosystems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between top-down and bottom-up regulation in food webs?

<p>Top-down regulation involves predation effects on trophic systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of spawner releases eggs into the water column instead of depositing them onto the substrate?

<p>Pelagic spawners like Gadus morhua (Cod) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In reproductive ecology, what characterizes benthic spawners on coarse substrates?

<p>They have pelagic free embryos and larvae. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Henry David Thoreau, what did he believe in?

<p>&quot;I believe I’ll go fishing.&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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