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Questions and Answers
What are the distinguishing characteristics of fish that suit them to their aquatic existence?
Fish have an elongated fusiform body, absence of a neck, presence of fins and scales, and respiration through gills.
What are the two major groups of fish and how do they differ?
The two major groups of fish are cartilaginous fish (Selachians) and bony fish (Osteichthes). Cartilaginous fish include rays and sharks, while bony fish make up the super-order Teleosteii and comprise the majority of present-day fish.
What is the function of the epidermis in fish anatomy?
The epidermis forms the first barrier against microbial penetration, is covered with mucus, and is different from the cornified layer of dead skin covering the outer surface of mammals.
Why is the super-order Teleosteii significant in the context of fish farming?
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How are fish scales positioned in relation to the body and what role do they play?
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Explain the difference between cartilaginous fish and bony fish in terms of their composition and significance to fish farming.
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Describe the structure and function of the epidermis in fish anatomy, and its role in protecting the fish's body.
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What are the distinguishing characteristics of fish anatomy that suit them to their aquatic existence?
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Explain the significance of the super-order Teleosteii in the context of fish farming and the types of fish it comprises.
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Discuss the positioning and function of fish scales in relation to the fish's body and their role in protecting the fish.
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Fish
- Fish have distinguishing characteristics that suit them to their aquatic existence, including gills for respiration, fins for movement, and scales for protection.
- They also have a streamlined body, which reduces water resistance, and a hydrodynamic shape, which enables them to move efficiently through water.
Major Groups of Fish
- The two major groups of fish are cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) and bony fish (Osteichthyes).
- Cartilaginous fish have a skeleton made of cartilage, while bony fish have a skeleton made of bone.
- Cartilaginous fish include sharks, rays, and skates, while bony fish include salmon, cod, and tilapia.
Epidermis in Fish Anatomy
- The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin in fish, which provides a barrier against the environment.
- It is composed of epithelial cells, mucous cells, and sensory cells.
- The epidermis produces mucus, which helps to reduce friction and prevent infection.
Super-Order Teleosteii
- The super-order Teleosteii is a group of bony fish that comprises over 95% of all fish species.
- It includes fish such as salmon, trout, and cod, which are commonly farmed for food.
- The Teleosteii are significant in fish farming due to their fast growth rates, disease resistance, and adaptability to different environments.
Fish Scales
- Fish scales are positioned in a specific pattern, overlapping each other like roof tiles, to provide protection and reduce friction.
- Scales are made of keratin, a hard protein, and are constantly being replaced throughout a fish's life.
- They help to reduce water resistance, making it easier for fish to swim, and also provide protection against predators and the environment.
Cartilaginous vs. Bony Fish
- Cartilaginous fish have a skeleton made of cartilage, which is lighter and more flexible than bone.
- Bony fish have a skeleton made of bone, which is heavier and more rigid than cartilage.
- Cartilaginous fish are generally slower-growing and more vulnerable to disease than bony fish, making them less suitable for fish farming.
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Description
Explore the characteristics and adaptations of fish for their aquatic existence, including their body shape, fins, scales, and respiration through gills. Understand the distinct features that set fish apart from other vertebrates.
